Medical Language: Immerse Yourself 4th Ed (copy)

abdominal cavity

cavity surrounded by diaphragm superior, the abdominal wall anteriorly, and the bones of the spine posteriorly

Abdominopelvic cavity

continuous cavity formed by the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Anatomical Position

standard position for body for the purpose of study

anatomy

study of the structures of the human body

anterior

pertaining to the front of the body, an organ, or a structure

anteroposterior

pertaining to the anterior section and then the posterior section of the body

blood

body system of blood cells and plasma. it transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells, carbon dioxide to the lungs, and wastes to the kidneys

body system

a way to study the body according to its structures and how they function

cardiology

medical specialty that deals with the cardiovascular system

Cardiovascular system

body system that includes the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries, it circulates the blood throughout the body.

Caudad

toward the tail bone

cavity

hollow space surrounded by bones or muscles, it contains organs and related structures

cell

smallest, independently functioning structure in the body that can reproduce itself by division

cell membrane

permeable barrier that surrounds a cell and holds in the cytoplasm. it allows water and nutrients to enter and waste products to leave the cell

Cephalad

toward the head

chromosome

paired, rodlike structures within the nucleus. Each cell contains 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

coronal plane

plane that divides the body into front and back

cranial cavity

cavity in the head that is surrounded by the bony cranium an contains the brain, cranial nerves, and related structures

Cytoplasm

gel-like intracellular substance. organelles are embedded in it.

dentistry

medical specialty that deals with the teeth

dermatology

medical specialty that deals with the integumentary system

dietetics

medical specialty that deals with nutrition, nutrients, foods, and diet

distal

pertaining to away from the point of origin

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

dorsal

pertaining to the posterior of the body. lying on the back is being in the dorsal supine position

endocrine system

body system that secretes hormones into the blood that direct the activities of the body

endocrinology

medical specialty that deals with the endocrine system

endoplasmic reticulum

organelle that is a network of channels that transport materials within the cell. It is also the site of protein, fat, and glycogen production

epigastric region

region on the surface of the abdominopelvic area. it is superior to the umbilical region and medial to the hypochondriac regions

External

pertaining to the outer, superficial surface of the body, an organ, or other structure

gastroenterology

medical specialty that deals with the gastrointestinal system

gene

an area on a chromosome that contains all the DNA information needed to produce one type of protein molecule

gential

pertaining tot he male or female genitalia

geriatrics

medial specialty that deals with older adults

golgi apparatus

organelle that consists of curved, stacked membranes that process and store hormones and enzymes. it also makes lysosomes

gynecology

medical specialty that deals with the female genital system

health

state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

hematology

medical specialty that deals with the blood

hypochondriac regions

right and left regions on the surface of the abdominopelvic area. they are lateral to the epigastric region and inferior to the ribs

hypogastic region

region on the surface of the abdominopelvic area. it is inferior to the umbilical region and medical to the inguinal regions

immunology

medical specialty that deals with the lymphatic system and the immune response

inferior

pertaining to the lower part of the body, an organ, or a structure

inguinal regions

right and left regions on the surface of the abdominopelvic area. they are lateral to the hypogastric region

integumentary system

body system that includes the skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands

internal

pertaining to the lower part of the body, an organ, or a structure

intracellular

within a cell

lateral

pertaining to the side of the body, an organ, or a structure

Lumbar regions

right and left regions on the surface of the abdominopelvic area. they are lateral to the umbilical region

lymphatic system

body system that includes the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymph fluid, spleen, thymus, and white blood cells. it recognizes and destroys disease-causing organisms and abnormal cells.

lysosome

organelle that consists of a small sac with digestive enzymes in it. it destroys pathogens that invade the cell

macroscopic

pertaining to large structures that can be seen with the naked eye

medial

pertaining to the middle of the body, an organ, or a structure

medical specialty

basis of the practice of medicine. each medial specialty includes the structures, functions, and diseases for a body system plus related laboratory and diagnostic procedures, medical and surgical procedures, and drugs

Microscope

instrument used to examine very small structures

microscopic

pertaining to small structures that cannot be seen with the naked eye

mitochondria

organelles that are capsule shaped and produce and store ATP and then convert it to ADP to release energy for cellular activities

Mitosis

process of cellular division

muscular system

body system that includes the muscles and tendons. it produced body movement

neonatology

medical specialty that deals with newborn babies with medical problems

nervous system

body system that interprets sensory information and coordinated body movements and stores and interprets memory and emotion

neurology

medical specialty that deals wit the nervous system

nucleolus

round central region within the nucleus. it makes RNA and ribosomes

nucleus

large round centralizied intracellular structure that controls all of the cells activities

obstetrics

medical specialty that deals with the female reproductive system during pregnancy and childbirth

oncology

medial specialty that deals with cancer

ophthalmology

medical specialty that deals with the eyes

organ

body structure composed of tissues

organelles

small structures in he cytoplasm that have specialized functions

orthopedics

medical specialty that deals with the skeletal system and muscular system

otolaryngology

medial specialty that deals with the ears, nose, sinuses, throat, and voice box

peditrics

medial specialty that deals with infants and children

pelvic cavity

cavity that is continuous with and inferior to the abdominal cavity.

pharmacology

medical specialty that deals with the study of drugs and medicines

physiology

study of the function sof the human body

plane

an imaginary flat surface that divides the body into sections

posteruir

pertaining to the back of the body, an organ, or a structure

posteroanterior

pertaining to the posterior section and then the anterior section of the body

prone

position of lying on the anterior surface of the body

proximal

pertaining to near the point of origin

psychiatry

medial specialty that deals with the mind

pulmonology

medical specialty that deals with the respiratory system

quadrant

each of four equal divisions on the surface of the abdominopelvic area

radiology and nuclear medicine

medical specialty that deals with the use of x-rays, sound waves, and other forms of radiation and energy to create images and diagnose disease

reproductive medicine

medical specialty that deals with the reproductive system

reproductive system

body system that includes sex organs and secretes hormones

respiratory system

body system that inhales oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide and exchanges gases in the alveoli

ribosomes

granular organelles in the cytoplasm and on the ER that contain RNA and proteins and are the site where proteins are produced

RNA

ribonucleic acid. it is created in the nucleolus and stored in ribosomes

sagittal plane

plane that divides the body into right and left sections

skeletal system

body system that includes the bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints. It supports the body

spinal cavity

cavity that is within the bones of the spine and contains the spinal cord, spinal nerves, and related structures

superior

pertaining tot he upper part of the body, an organ, or a structure

thoracic cavity

cavity that is surrounded by the breast bone, ribs, and bones of the spine.

tissue

body structure formed of cells

transverse pane

plane that divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts

umbilical region

region on the surface of the abdominopelvic area. it is centered around the umbilicus

urinary system

body system that excretes urine and waste products

urology

meedical specalty that deals witht he urinary system

ventral

pertaining to the anterior of the body, particularly the abdomen

Etymology

Study of word origin