MANA Chapter 6

Theories of Learning

• Classical Conditioning: modifying behavior through association (pairing a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned response)

• OB Mod: Fred Luthans at UN-Lincoln

• Operant Conditioning: learning through consequences

• Reinforcement Theory

  • Reinforcement (strengthens/enhances desirable), Punishment (weakens/diminishes, and Extinction (Edward Thorndike and the “Law of Effect”,” involves ignoring behavior)

• Social Theories of Learning

  • Social Learning: we observe other people and model their behavior; learn by watching others and seeing the consequences of their actions

Performance Management

Continuous process of defining, measuring, appraising, providing feedback, and improving performance

Defining Performance

task accomplishment, or the output of your efforts

• ex. task, OCB,CWB, Creative, and Adaptive

Measuring

N/A

Appraisal (and biases)

provide employees with formal feedback on their performance, identify areas for development, and inform decisions regarding promotions, rewards, and placements

Halo & Horns

evaluator forms a generally positive/negative impression of an individual and then extends that impression to performance

SSCT

• Severity (rate low)

• Strictness (rate in middle)

• Central Tendency rate high)

Primacy and Recency

• Primacy: using only earliest performance rather than the entire evaluation period

• Recency: using most recent performance, rather than entire evaluation

Similarity and Proximity

• Similarity: gives better evaluations to those they consider more like themselves

• Proximity: similar rating given to items near each other on the rating form

Best Practices in Performance Feedback

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