Unit 1 Test

Please do term then definition on flash card mode

Science

a logical way of thinking about the world. 

Chemistry

the study of matter

inferences

logical guesses or predictions

Scientific Method

The way scientists gather and use information to find answers to questions about the world around us

Step 1 of Scientific Method

State the problem/question based on observations

Step 2 of Scientific Method

Form a hypothesis

Hypothesis

An educated guess

Step 3 of Scientific Method

Test the hypothesis by making an experiment

independent variable

a condition that is set/manipulated by the scientist

dependent variable

depends on the independent variable

control

standard for comparison

constant

A variable that the scientist wants to remain unchanged

Step 4 of Scientific Method

Collect and analyze data

Step 5 of Scientific Method

Draw conclusions

Step 6 of Scientific Method

Share results

line graph

used to display continuous data and show changes over time

line of best fit

The general trend the data follows

Slope

rise over run

bar graph

used to display and compare categories of data

D.R.Y

Dependent, Responding, Y-axis

M.I.X

Manipulated, Independent, X-axis

T.A.I.L.S.

Title, Axis, Intervals, Labels, Scale

Pie charts

Shows the relationship of the parts to the whole

Mass is measured in...

Grams (g)

Length is measured in...

meters (m)

Temperature is measured in...

Celsius (°C)

Volume is measured in...

Liters (L)

SI units (international system)

the metric system

length

a measure of distance

Mass

the amount of matter in an object

Weight

the force of gravity on an object

Temperature

the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object

Volume

The amount of space a liquid takes up

Erlenmeyer flask

For mixing, heating, swirling, and shaking it's better at measuring volume than a beaker but not the best

graduated cylinder

the most accurate way to measure a volume of a liquid

Beaker

For mixing, stirring, and heating chemicals but NOT accurate for finding volume

Funnel

For funneling liquids from one container to another and can also be used for filtering if filter paper is added

hot plate

Used as a source of heat when an open flame is not desirable

stirring rod

A glass rod used for mixing both solids and liquids

test tube

Good for holding small samples or containing small reactions

test tube holder

For holding test tubes when they should not be touched

Digital scale

Used to determine the mass of a substance

mortar and pestle

Used to crush up solids into smaller pieces or to grind solids into a fine powder

forcepts

Used to grab small things, like solid chemicals that are broken into chunks

scoopula

Spatula-like tool used to scoop up and move solids, such as powders

Pipette

Measuring and moving small amounts of liquid

Length is measured with

meter stick and metric ruler

Mass is measured with

digital scale and triple beam balance

Temperature is measured with

Digital thermometer and glass thermometer

Volume is measured with

Erlenmeyer flask, beaker, and graduated cilender

1000 base units

1 kilo(k) unit

100 base units

1 hecto(h) unit

10 base units

1 deka(da) unit

0.1 base units

1 deci(d) units

0.01 base units

1 centi(c) unit

0.001 base units

1 milli(m) units

significant figures

the number of digits that are certain (can be measured) and the first uncertain digit

Rule 1 of Sig Figs

All non-zero numbers are significant

Rule 2 of Sig Figs

Zeros between non-zero numbers are significant

Rule 3 of Sig Figs

Leading zeros are never significant

Rule 4 of Sig Figs

Zeros at the end of a number are significant only if there is a decimal point

Number of sig figs: 800

one

Number of sig figs: 800.

three

Number of sig figs: 00340.00

five

1st step for adding/subtracting sig figs

Determine the number decimal places of each number in the question

2nd step for adding/subtracting sig figs

Add/subtract the numbers

3rd step for adding/subtracting sig figs

Round the answer to match the least number of places in the decimal portion of any number in the problem

1st step for dividing/multiplying sig figs

Determine the number of significant figures each number being multiplied/divided has and note which number has the fewest

2nd step for dividing/multiplying sig figs

Complete the calculation

3rd step for dividing/multiplying sig figs

Write the answer using the same number of sig figs as the least number of sig figs found in the calculation

Matter

Anything that occupies space & has mass

Physical Properties

Characteristics or traits that help identify or classify matter that can be observed WITHOUT changing the substance

Chemical Properties

Describe matter based on its ability to CHANGE into a NEW kind of matter

Qualitative

Observations made using our senses to describe the properties.

Quantitative

Observations made using measurements to describe the properties

Physical Changes

Changes the form or appearance but does not change substance into anything new

Chemical Changes

When two or more substances join to form a new substance with new chemical properties

Chemical Reaction

Occurs when two or more molecules interact and the molecules change into a new substance

Unexpected color change

New molecules created in a chemical reaction radiate light differently, producing new colors

Unexpected temperature change

During chemical bonding, energy is released or absorbed, making the surroundings hotter or colder

combustion/burning

A chemical reaction between substances, usually including oxygen, that gives off heat and or light

Precipitates

When a solid suddenly appears in a solution and settles to the bottom, collects on another object, or makes the solution cloudy

Bubbles form

When gases produced in a chemical reaction are released

unexpected odor

the new substance produced has a new smell