Algae - Botany Lab

What domain does algae fall under?

Eukarya

What Kingdom does algae fall under?

Protista

What are examples of multicellular algae?

• filaments

• colonies

• thallus

Multicellula organisms lack _______ development

tissues

The life cycle of algae is frequently _______

zygotic

Most algae are motile with _______

flagella

Most algae are ______ or in _______ ______

marine; fresh water

Most algae are ________ and have ______ _____

photosynthetic; cell walls

Phylum Chlorophyta:

The green algae

Phylum Rodophyta:

The red algae

Phylum Phaeophyta:

The brown algae

Phylum Chrysophyta:

Diatoms and relatives

Phylum Pyrrhophyta:

Dinoflagellates

Phylum Euglenophyta:

the Euglenoids

What are the two types of phases green algae go through?

Dibionic and Monobionic

Dibionic Phase:

with alteration of generations; both phases appear different

Monobionic Phase:

alternation of generations look alike; sharing the same body plan

What are the 3 modes of reproduction?

• isogamy

• anisogamy

• oogamy

Isogamy:

reproduction of morphologically the same gametes (+ or -)

Anisogamy:

gametes are of different sizes; sperm smaller than egg; both motile

Oogamy:

egg non-motile; sperm is flagellated

Green algae contains chlorophyll..

A and B

Green algae stores ______

starch

Green algae cell walls are made of

cellulose

The oogonium produces ____

eggs

The oogamous reproduces by means of ____ reproduction

sexual

Oogamous sexual reproduction:

bi-flagelled sperm cell and larger un-flagellated egg

After the fertilization of green algae a __ zygote develops

2n

The zygote in green algae undergoes ____ and produces ____ _____

meiosis; 4 spores

In green algae the spores germinate and produce a _____ ________

haploid gametophyte

Green Algae Species:

Chlamydomonas

Chlamydomonas are _______, and bi-flagellated at ____ end

unicellular; apical

Chlamydomonas have ___ shaped chloroplast with _____ body

cup; pyrenoid

Chlamydomonas has a _______ (light detector)

stigma

How does the Volvox achieve movement

beats flagella in synchrony

Each Volvox has ____ chloroplast

one

Cells in the Volvox are held together through _______ ________

cytoplasmic connections

A Volvox colony contains ____ and _____ cells

vegetative; reproductive

Conidia contain _____ cells

sperm

Oogonia contains the

egg

In Volvox the sperm cells are also called _______-

anteridiozoids

Where are sperm cells housed in the Volvox

gonidium

Where is the egg stored in Volvox

oogonium

How are the chloroplast arranged in Volvox

spiral

Volvox has both ____ and ______ gametes

motile; non-motile

Filamentous Green Algae:

Spirogyra

Oedogonium:

• filamentous

• oogamous

• with female gametangium known as oogonium that produces an egg

• the male gametangia known as the antheridium that produces the sperm cells

Red Algae have roughly how many marine species

4000

Where are red algae primarily found?

the depth of 200 m.

Red Algae contains chlorophyll…

a and c

Red Algae contain _____ that are able to capture sunlight deep into the water

phycobilins

Red Algae store _____ starch

floridean

Red algae cell walls are made of

cellulose and sulfated galactans

Carrageenan is found in ____ algae

red

Carrageenan is used in…

cosmetics, gelatin, capsules, cheeses

Some red algae have _____ ______ in their walls

calcium carbonate

agarose gels are made from what sugars that are found in red algae cell walls

Gelidium, Gracilaria, agarose, agaropectin

Brown Algae are _____

marin

How many species of brown algae are there?

2000

Are brown algae multicellular or unicellular

multicellular

Brown algae contains chlorophyll…

a, c, and fucoxanthin

Brown Algae food reserve:

maninarin, mannitol

Brown algae have ____ in their cell walls

cellulose

What are some common examples of brown algae?

Sorgassum, Macrocytis, Fucus, Ectocarpus

Brown Algae has receptacles that contain ________

conceptacles

What do conceptacles contain

oogonia and antheridia

How many species of diatoms are there?

10,000 - 12,000

Are diatoms diploid or haploid?

Diploid

Diatoms have two-part cell walls composed of ____ containing ______

silica; frustules

Diatoms contain chlorophylls…

a, and c, and fucoxanthin

What is the storage polysaccharide in diatoms

laminarin

Some diatoms have lengthwise grooves called _____

raphe

Raphes secrete mucous that assist in _______

locomotion

What are the two forms of Diatoms:

pennate and centric

Diatoms have no ______, except in male gametes

flagella

Are dinoflagellates multicellular or unicellular

unicellular

Dinoflagellates are __________: one perpendicular to the other

bi-flagellated

Dinoflagellates store

starch

Dinoflagellates have _____ plates

cellulosic

Dinoflagellates are responsible for _____ _______

red tides

Dinoflagellates release toxic substances that accumulate in ______

shellfish

What gametes are these:

Isogamy

What gametes are these?

Anisogamy

What gametes are these?

Oogamy

What species is this?

Volvox

What species is this?

Spirogyra

What species is this?

Chlamydomonas

What life cycle is this?

Volvox

What species is this?

Oedogonium

What Phylum does this belong in?

Rhodophyta

What phylum does this belong?

Phylum Phaeophyta

What are these?

Diatoms

What are these?

Dinoflagellates

What is this?

Sea Lettuce