Higher Biology - Cellular Respiration Processes

Glycolysis, Citric acid cycle, Electron transport chain

stage four - citric acid krebs cycle

this results in the generation of ATP and release carbon dioxide

stage one - citric acid krebs cycle

in aerobic conditions, pyruvate is broken down to an acetyl group that combines with coenzyme A forming acetyl coenzyme A

stage three - citric acid krebs cycle

during a series of enzyme controlled steps, citrate is gradually converted into oxaloacetate (oxaloacetate is regenerated)

stage two - citric acid krebs cycle

the acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate

step two - the electron transport chain

electrons are passed along the electron transport chain, releasing energy

step 3 - the electron transport chain

this energy is used to pump hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane

step 4 - the electron transport chain

hydrogen ions has an increase in concentration and flow back across ATP synthase by diffusion

step five - the electron transport chain

this causes ATP synthase to rotate, generating ATP from ADP+Pi

step one - the electron transport chain

NADH from glycolysis and citric acid cycle pass electrons and hydrogen ions to the electron transport chain on the inner mitochondrial membrane

step six - the electron transport chain

oxygen acts as a final hydrogen and electron acceptor to form water

how many steps are in the citric acid cycle?

four

how many steps are in the electron transport chain?

six

write notes on the process of glycolysis in respiration  **4**

Glucose broken down to pyruvate in the cytoplasm \n \n Glucose phosphorylated by ATP \n \n ATP used in energy investment phase \n \n More ATP produced (net gain of ATP) in energy pay off stage

write notes on the energy pay-off stage **2**

co enzyme NAD \n \n carry hydrogen ions and high energy electrons to electron transport chain

what does the energy **investment** phase of glycolysis lead to?

generation of more ATP during the energy pay-off stage

what does the energy **pay-off stage** result in?

net gain of 2 ATP