Social and cultural developments/divisions

What was the defining sound of the 1920s?

Jazz, Louis Armstrong, the Charleston

When and what gave women the vote?

The 19th Amendment in 1920

However, how many women were in the House of Representatives?

2

How many female senators were there?

None

What jobs were common for women?

Clerks and typists

However, what could women rarely achieve in employment?

Managerial positions

What organisation advocated for birth control and healthcare?

The American Birth Control League

What act supported maternity programmes?

Sheppard-Towner Act

When and what introduced prohibition?

1919- The 18th Amendment

What 3 groups supported prohibition?

• Women’s temperance mvmt

• BB owners (alcohol invites dangerous and inefficient work practices)

• Religious groups

Why did prohibition fail? (smuggling)

Impossible to police all coastline

Why did prohibition fail? (bootleggers)

Illegally manufactured and distributed alcohol (bathtub gin)

Why did prohibition fail? (policing)

Often corrupt and poorly resourced/paid

Why did prohibition fail? (gangsters)

Evaded the law and were widely feared

What were profits from the illicit alcohol industry?

$2bn a year

How many itinerant workers by 1932?

1 million

What happened to marriages and birth rates during the depression?

Fell significantly

What were suicide rates by 1932?

17.4 in 10 000

What did population of rural areas fall by in the war?

around 30%

Where in particular did people move to in the war?

California (defence plants) and Washington DC (govt jobs)

What was a solution to the housing crisis?

Barrack-style housing

What were the impacts of the war on women? (3)

• juggling childcare and working

• overcrowded families in urban areas

• grew own produce in ‘Victory gardens’

When and what was the Community Facilities Act?

1941, provided some childcare facilities for women in defence plants but not enough

How many served in ww2?

15 mil

When was the Literacy Act?

1917

When was the Immigration Quota Act?

1921

When were Sacco and Vanzetti executed?

1927

In 1929 what was income of the south compared to the north?

Half that of the north

How many members did the KKK claim to have in 1925?

5 million

Why did the KKK lose support?

Leader Stephenson raped his secretary

By 1929 what had KKK membership fallen to?

20 000

When and what was the Monkey Trial?

1925, John Scopes arrested for teaching evolution where it was illegal to. Showed the absurdity of rural Fundamentalists