Apush unit 4

Revolution of 1800

Jefferson's election was the first peaceful transfer of power between rival parties (Federalists to Democratic-Republicans).

Jeffersonian Philosophy

Agrarianism: The 'Yeoman Farmer' is the ideal citizen; cities are 'sores on the body politic.'

Strict Constructionism

If the Constitution doesn't say the government can do it, they can't.

The Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Napoleon needed cash for his wars; Jefferson bought the territory for $15M.

The Conflict

Jefferson had to use 'Loose Construction' (the treaty power) to buy the land, contradicting his own philosophy to secure his vision of an agrarian empire.

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Established Judicial Review (The Court has the final say on what is constitutional).

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Ruled that the National Bank is constitutional (Elastic Clause) and that federal power is supreme over state power.

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Ruled that only the federal government can regulate interstate commerce.

The War Hawks

Young Westerners and Southerners like Henry Clay (KY), John C. Calhoun (SC), Felix Grundy (TN), and Richard Mentor Johnson (KY).

The War of 1812

Resulted in a military stalemate, but led to the Hartford Convention (where Federalists talked about secession).

The American System

Henry Clay's Economic Nationalism including Protective Tariff, 2nd Bank of the U.S., and Internal Improvements.

Protective Tariff of 1816

To help Northern industry.

The Missouri Compromise (1820)

Deal: Missouri (Slave), Maine (Free), and a line at 36°30'—no slavery north of this in the Louisiana Territory.

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Declared the Western Hemisphere closed to European colonization.

The Erie Canal (1825)

Connected the Great Lakes to NYC. Shipping dropped from $100/ton to $5/ton.

Steam Power

Robert Fulton's steamboat allowed two-way travel on the Mississippi.

Interchangeable Parts

Eli Whitney's innovation that allowed mass production in Northern factories.

The Cotton Gin

Eli Whitney's invention that made 'Short Staple' cotton profitable.

The Telegraph

Samuel Morse's invention for instant communication across the country.

Steel Plow & Reaper

John Deere's and McCormick's inventions that turned the West into the 'Breadbasket' of the world.

Lowell System

Young New England farm women worked in textile mills for wages.

Cult of Domesticity

The idea that a woman's 'natural' place was the moral guardian of the home.

The Know-Nothing Party

A political party formed specifically to oppose Catholic/immigrant influence.

The Second Middle Passage

Over 1 million enslaved people were forcibly moved from the 'Upper South' to the 'Deep South' to work new plantations.

The Reaction (Reform)

The chaos of the era sparked the Second Great Awakening leading to Temperance, Abolition, and Women's Rights.