Naomi Zack Reading

Ideal Theory

Philosophical framework that establishes principles of justice in a compliant society, focusing on thought experiments rather than real-world issues.

Nonideal Theory

A response to the limitations of ideal theory that seeks to address injustices in societies that do not conform to just laws by implementing gradual corrective measures.

Applicative Justice

A concept advocating for the direct comparison and application of justice principles to rectify injustices faced by marginalized groups.

Judith Shklar

Philosopher who highlighted the difference between impactful individual stories and the grinding injustices of daily life that are often ignored.

John Rawls

Author of A Theory of Justice, emphasizing the importance of ideal theory as a foundation for understanding and addressing societal injustices.

Political Liberty

The principle that freedoms must be aligned with socioeconomic equality, ensuring that inequalities benefit the least advantaged.

Contractarian Reasoning

Rawls's theory suggesting that justice should be determined by rational individuals agreeing on governance terms through a social contract.

Comparative Treatment

The analysis of how different groups are treated, especially in terms of justice, highlighting disparities and injustices.

Empirical Approach

A method of investigating justice that starts with real instances of injustice and draws practical solutions from observed social conditions.

Systemic Racism

Institutionalized and pervasive forms of discrimination that affect marginalized racial groups at various societal levels.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Legislation aimed at eliminating barriers to voting for Black citizens in the U.S., despite ongoing challenges from new legal restrictions.

Fair Housing Act of 1968

Law prohibiting discrimination in housing, which still faces challenges due to practices that perpetuate segregation.

Social Justice

A movement aimed at correcting inequalities and injustices within society, often through policy changes and activism.

Moral Outrage

A feeling of intense indignation and anger in response to perceived injustices, which can drive action for change.

Historical Context of Applicative Justice

The notion that practices addressing injustice have existed historically but have often been overlooked in philosophical discussions.

Narrative as a Tool for Change

Using compelling storytelling to evoke emotional responses and drive action for social justice, often by framing collective experiences.

Realism in Justice

The approach emphasizing the need for practical solutions over abstract theories, recognizing that laws and practices may not align with just principles.