APUSH Chapters 21-40 MCQ

1. Which of the following was not true of the changing nature of work in the 1950s?

a. science and technology drove economic growth.

b. there were fewer jobs in the military-related aerospace industry.

c. white collar workers were surpassing blue collar workers in numbers.

d. labor unions reached a peak and then began to decline.

e. job opportunities were opening to women in the white collar work force.

b. there were fewer jobs in the military-related aerospace industry.

2. Richard Nixon was selected as Dwight Eisenhower's vice-presidential running mate in 1952 as a concession to the

a. isolationists.

b. liberal Republicans.

c. hard-line anticommunists.

d. moderate Republicans.

e. southern Republicans

c. hard-line anticommunists.

3.During the 1952 presidential campaign, Republican candidate Dwight Eisenhower declared that he would __________ to help to end the Korean War.

a. use atomic weapons

b. blockade the China coast and bomb Manchuria

c. open negotiations with Mao Zedong

d. order United Nations troops to invade North Korea

e. personally go to Korea

e. personally go to Korea

4. In tems of politics, television did all of the following except

a. threaten the traditional role of political parties.

b. apply the standards of show business and commercialism to political messages.

c. enable political parties to continue their role of educating and mobilizing the electorate.

d. allow lone-wolf politicians to address voters directly.

e. encourage reliance on short slogans and sound bites.

c. enable political parties to continue their role of educating and mobilizing the electorate.

5. Dwight Eisenhower's greatest asset as president was his

a. vast military experience.

b. willingness to take a partisan stand.

c. commitment to social justice.

d. willingness to involve himself in rough campaigning.

e. enjoyment of the affection and respect of the American people

e. enjoyment of the affection and respect of the American people

6. Among anticommunists, Senator Joseph R. McCarthy was the

a. most effective.

b. first Republican.

c. only true World War II hero.

d. one who most damaged free speech and fair play.

e. one who organized a national movement.

d. one who most damaged free speech and fair play.

7. The record would seem to indicate that President Eisenhower’s strongest commitment during his presidency was to

a. social justice.

b. social harmony.

c. party loyalty.

d. racial desegregation.

e. political reform.

b. social harmony.

8. In response to Senator Joseph McCarthy's anticommunist attacks, President Eisenhower

a. publicly denounced him only after he attacked General George Marshall.

b. quietly encouraged him to continue his attacks on Democrats.

c. publicly opposed his ruthless tactics but privately enjoyed his personal charm.

d. allowed him to control personnel policy at the State Department.

e. privately supported him but publicly kept his distance.

d. allowed him to control personnel policy at the State Department.

9. Senator Joseph McCarthy first rose to national prominence by

a. revealing that Communist spies were passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union.

b. charging that there was extensive Communist influence in Hollywood and the media.

c. asserting that General George Marshall was part of a vast Communist conspiracy within the

U.S. Army.

d. mobilizing Republicans to demand a stronger anticommunist foreign policy in East Asia.

e. charging that dozens of known Communists were working within the U.S. State Department.

e. charging that dozens of known Communists were working within the U.S. State Department.

10. As a result of Senator McCarthy=s crusade against communist subversion in America,

a. the FBI was shown to have had several spies working as communist agents.

b. the United States Army was forced to give dishonorable discharges to more than one

hundred officers.

c. the State Department lost a number of Asian specialists who might have counseled a wiser

course in Vietnam.

d. Eisenhower nearly lost the Republican presidential nomination in 1956.

e. the U.S. achieved a stronger settlement in Korea.

c. the State Department lost a number of Asian specialists who might have counseled a wiser

course in Vietnam.

11. Senator McCarthy's anticommunist crusade ended when he

a. began to attack the personal integrity of his critics.

response to Senator Joseph McCarthy's anticommunist attacks, President Eisenhower

b. alleged that there were communists in Hollywood.

c. alleged that there were communists in the Foreign Service.

d. alleged that many college professors were communists.

e. alleged that there were communists in the army.

e. alleged that there were communists in the army.

12. The new militancy and restlessness among many members of the African American community after 1945 was especially generated by

a. he growing moral criticism of segregation by white church leaders.

b. the gap between American ideals and racial practices revealed by World War II.

c. the appointment of Thurgood Marshall, chief legal counsel of the NAACP, to the Supreme Court.

d. Dwight Eisenhower's commitment to civil rights.

e. the agitation of A. Philip Randolph.

b. the gap between American ideals and racial practices revealed by World War II.

13. In an effort to overturn Jim Crow laws and the segregated system that they had created, African Americans used all of the following methods except

a. economic boycotts.

b. legal attacks on underpinnings of segregation in the courts.

c. appeals to foreign governments to pressure the United States to establish racial justice.

d. mobilization of black churches on behalf of black rights.

e. use of the nonviolent tactics of Mohandas Gandhi.

c. appeals to foreign governments to pressure the United States to establish racial justice.

14. Which one of the following is least related to the other three?

a. nonviolent direct action.

b. Martin Luther King, Jr.

c. Rosa Parks

d. Montgomery bus boycott

e. Orval Faubus

e. Orval Faubus

15. The Supreme Court began to advance the cause of civil rights in the 1950s because

a. the Court was the only branch of government with the Constitutional authority to do so.

b. the courts were dominated by New Deal liberals.

c. President Eisenhower had requested the Court=s assistance.

d. Congress and the presidency had largely abdicated their responsibilities by keeping hands off the issue.

e. the Constitution clearly prohibited any segregation.

d. Congress and the presidency had largely abdicated their responsibilities by keeping hands off the issue.

16. In the epochal 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court

a. declared that the concept of separate but equal facilities for blacks and whites wasunconstitutional.

b. upheld its earlier decision in Plessy v. Ferguson.

c. rejected desegregation.

d. supported the ADeclaration of Constitutional Principles@ issued by Congress.

e. ordered immediate and total integration of all American schools.

a

17. The 1954 Supreme Court case that ruled racially segregated school systems Ainherently unequal was

a. Roe v. Wade.

b. Plessy v. Ferguson.

c. Sweatt v. Painter.

d. Johnson v. Little Rock School District.

e. Brown v. Board of Education.

e

18. On the subject of racial justice, President Eisenhower

a. had demanded the integration of the armed forces as early as 1948.

b. publicly endorsed the 1954 Supreme Court school desegregation decision.

c. vetoed the Civil Rights Act of 1957.

d. had advised against integrating the armed forces.

e. admired the Christian philosophy of Martin Luther King.

d

19. President Dwight Eisenhower's attitude toward racial justice can best be described as

a. not inclined toward promoting integration.

b. very supportive of racial integration.

c. endorsing the concept of using laws to compel people to change their opinions and actions.

d. supporting racial justice over social harmony.

e. strictly adhering to the philosophy of states= rights.

a

20. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was an outgrowth of the

a. antiwar movement of the 1960s.

b. black power movement of the 1960s.

c. ban-the-bomb movement of the 1950s.

d. Civil Rights Act of 1957.

e. A sit-in movement launched by young southern blacks.

e

21. As president, Dwight Eisenhower supported

a. putting the brakes on military spending.

b. the abolition of the Social Security system.

c. the dismissal of his secretary of health, education, and welfare for condemning free

distribution on the Salk polio vaccine as Asocialized medicine.

d. the continuation of the Tennessee Valley Authority.

e. a stronger voice for organized labor.

a

22. President Eisenhower defined the domestic philosophy of his administration as

a. the Fair Deal.

b. the silent majority.

c. dynamic conservatism.

the subject of racial justice, President Eisenhower

d. two cars in every garage.

e. compassionate conservatism.

c

23. Dwight Eisenhower's policies toward Native Americans included

a. efforts at tribal preservation.

b. the establishment of tribes as legal entities.

c. incentives for tribes to hold onto their land.

d. a return to the assimilation goals of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887.

e. an emphasis on education and job training for Indians.

d

24. The Eisenhower-promoted public works project that was far larger and more expensive than anything in Roosevelt's New Deal was

a. the interstate highway system

b. the Grand Coulee dam project.

c. the St. Lawrence seaway.

d. the airport construction program.

e. the public housing system.

a

25. During his presidency, Dwight Eisenhower accepted the principle and extended the benefits of

a. federal health care programs.

b. the Tennessee Valley Authority.

c. deficit spending.

d. racial equality.

e. the Social Security system.

e

26. As a part of his New Look foreign policy, President Eisenhower

a. sought an alliance with China.

b. refused to talk with leaders of the Soviet Union.

c. called for open skies over both the United States and the Soviet Union.

d. sent help to the Hungarian freedom fighters.

e. allied with Israel against the Arab states.

c

27. As the French fortress of Dienbienphu was about to fall to Ho Chi Minhs communist forces in 1954, President Eisenhower

a. agreed to send small military units to aid the French.

b. relied on the advice of Vice President Nixon and Secretary of State Dulles.

c. sought a compromise settlement at Geneva.

d. refused to permit any American military involvement.

e. threatened nuclear attack on the Vietnamese communists.

d

28. President Eisenhower's New Look foreign policy in the 1950s planned for

a. the dismantling of the military-industrial complex.

b. massive new military spending.

c. greater reliance on air power and the deterrent power of nuclear weapons than on the army

and navy.

d. a buildup of unconventional and guerrilla-warfare forces.

e. the rapid deployment of the navy and marines to trouble spots.

c

29. In 1956, when Hungary revolted against continued domination by the Soviet Union, the United States under Dwight Eisenhower

a. sent money to the rebels.

b. quickly recognized the new Hungarian government.

c. refused to admit any Hungarian refugees.

d. gave only outdated military equipment to the Hungarian freedom fighters.

e. did nothing to help to defeat the communists.

e

30. The leader of the nationalist movement in Vietnam since World War was

a. Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung).

b. Ngo Dinh Diem.

c. Dienbienphu.

d. Ho Chi Minh.

e. Nguyen Cao Ky.

d

31. The 1955 Geneva Conference

a. unified the two Vietnams.

b. made Ngo Dinh Diem president of Vietnam.

c. called for the two Vietnams to hold national elections within two years.

d. created the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization.

e. established a permanent division of Vietnam.

c

32. In response to a supposed Soviet threat to Middle Eastern oil, the American Central Intelligence Agency in 1953

a. began seeking alternative sources of energy.

b. staged a coup to overthrow the Iranian government and install Shah Mohammed Reza

Pahlevi as dictator.

c. engaged in sabotage against pro-Soviet governments in the region.

d. developed close cooperation with Israeli intelligence agencies.

e. gathered conclusive evidence of the Soviets= plans to control Egypt.

b

33. In 1956 the United States condemned ___________ as the aggressors in the Suez Canal crisis.

a. Egypt and Jordan

b. the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact members

c. Israel and Turkey

d. Lebanon and Syria

e. Britain and France

e

34. During the 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency engineered pro-American political coups in both

a. Iran and Guatemala.

b. Iraq and Nicaragua.

c. Lebanon and El Salvador.

d. Libya and Costa Rica.

e. Egypt and Cuba.

a

35. The Suez crisis marked the last time in history that the United States could

a. use the threat of nuclear war to win concessions.

b. criticize Israel's foreign policy.

c. condemn its allies for their actions in the Middle East.

d. invoke the Eisenhower Doctrine.

e. use its oil weapon to make foreign policy demands.

e

36. The 1957 Eisenhower Doctrine empowered the president to extend economic and military aid to nations of __________ that wanted help to resist communist aggression.

a. Southeast Asia

b. Africa

c. Central and Eastern Europe

d. the Middle East

e. Latin America

d

37. During his second term, President Eisenhower

a. no longer trusted his vice president, Richard Nixon, to lend assistance.

b. hoped that doing so would enable him to win a third term.

c. took a more active personal role in governing.

d. believed that the civil rights movement needed his personal involvement if it were to

succeed.

e. recognized that only he had the experience to deal with the Soviets.

c

38. In response to the launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957,

a. Harry Truman condemned the Republicans for allowing a scientific gap to occur.

b. the federal government began spending millions of dollars to improve American science and

language education.

c. the United States spent nearly a decade trying to equal this achievement.

d. the Republican party took responsibility for the fact that the United States had fallen behind

the Soviets in this area of scientific discovery.

e. scientists blamed Americas slowness on poor math and science education in the schools.

b

39. Which of the following is least related to the other four?

a. the launching of Sputnik

b. Landrum-Griffith Act

c. National Defense Education Act

d. rocket fever

e. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

b

40. The Paris summit conference scheduled for 1960 collapsed because of the

a. Suez crisis.

b. Bay of Pigs.

c. Quemoy episode.

response to the launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957,

d. launching of Sputnik.

e. U-2 incident.

e

41. By the end of the 1950s, Latin American anger toward the United States had intensified because Washington had done all of the following except

a. extend massive aid to Europe and little to Latin America.

b. continue to intervene in Latin American affairs.

c. support bloody dictators who claimed to be fighting communism.

d. provide encouragement to Fidel Castro=s communist government in Cuba.

e. the CIA-directed coup in Guatemala.

d

42. The factor that may well have tipped the electoral scales for John F. Kennedy in the presidential election of 1960 was

a. his age.

b. his religion.

c. his televised debates with Richard M. Nixon.

d. President Eisenhower's heavy loss of popularity in his last two years in office.

e. his family

c

43. When Dwight Eisenhower left the presidency in 1961,

a. it was noted that his second term had produced little of value, since he was a Alame duck.@

b. Congress was firmly in the hands of the Republicans.

c. he was unhappy with Vice President Nixon=s unbending anticommunism.

d. he had clearly lost control of the Democratic-dominated Congress.

e. he remained an extraordinarily popular figure.

e

44. Two postwar American fiction writers who explored the problems and anxieties of affluence were

a. John Updike and John Cheever

b. Joseph Heller and Kurt Vonnegut.

c. Tennessee Williams and Arthur Miller.

d. Ralph Ellison and James Baldwin.

e. Eudora Welty and Flannery O'Connor.

d

45. The title of Ralph Ellison's novel Invisible Man refers to

a. an anticommunist agent who is forced to live underground.

b. a World War II bomber pilot who is ignored upon his return home.

c. a victim of nuclear testing who is dying of radiation.

d. a father who is disrespected by his family.

e. an African American whose supposed supporters are unable to see him as a real man.

e

46. Compared to World War I, the literary outpouring from World War II can be best described as

a. much more realistic.

b. lower in quality.

c. more simplistic in nature.

d. less realistic.

e. more disillusioned.

d. less realistic.

47. Many of the better known American poets in the post-World War II era

a. actually produced second-rate verse.

b. consisted mainly of those who wrote before the war.

c. ended their lives through suicide.

d. left the country to live in Paris.

e. turned to nature for subject matter.

c. ended their lives through suicide.

In the 1980 national elections,

a. Edward Kennedy challenged incumbent President Carter for the nomination of the Democratic party.

b. although Ronald Reagan won the presidency, both houses of Congress still had Democratic party majorities.

c. third-party candidate John Anderson won three states and seventeen Electoral College votes.

d. Ronald Reagan won the presidency by the closest margin since the Kennedy-Nixon election of 1960.

e. Reagan led Republicans to majorities in both houses of Congress.

a

Liberal Democrats complained that Jimmy Carter

a. had failed to control inflation.

b. negotiated the Panama Canal Treaty.

c. had not aggressively pursued civil rights.

d. failed to rescue the hostages in Iran.

e. had removed regulatory controls from major industries.

e

Edward Kennedy's campaign to take the presidential nomination away from Jimmy Carter in 1980 was handicapped by

a. his poor performance as a senator.

b. a growing dislike for the Kennedys.

c. Carter's popularity.

d. lingering suspicions about his involvement in an automobile accident in which a young woman was killed.

e. his inability to reach beyond New England.

d

The "new right" movement that helped to elect Ronald Reagan was spearheaded by

a. fiscal conservatives.

b. evangelical Christians.

c. gold-standard advocates.

d. midwesterners.

e. neoconservatives.

b

Many "new right" activists were most concerned about

a. cultural and social issues.

b. economic questions.

c. foreign policy.

d. Medicare and Medicaid programs.

e. separation of church and state.

a

Which of the these social issues was not a primary concern for the new right?

a. birth control

b. pornography

c. homosexuality

d. abortion

e. affirmative action

a

The neoconservatives of the 1980s believed in all of the following except

a. free-market capitalism.

b. detente with the Soviet Union.

c. a return to traditional values of individualism and the centrality of the family.

d. fewer government restraints on the economy.

e. strengthening the white working class.

e

Ronald Reagan was similar to Franklin D. Roosevelt in that both men

a. disliked big business.

b. championed the "common man" against vast, impersonal menaces.

c. were raised in wealthy families.

d. favored social engineering by the government.

e. had run for vice president before being elected president.

b

Ronald Reagan differed from Franklin D. Roosevelt in that Roosevelt

a. saw big government as the foe of the common man, while Reagan named big business as the foe.

b. appealed to the working class, while Reagan appealed only to the rich.

c. advocated a "populist" political philosophy, while Reagan did not.

d. branded big business as the enemy of the common man, while Reagan depicted big government as the foe.

e. made effective use of the media to promote his message.

d

Ronald Reagan began to abandon his liberal New Deal political philosophy and to espouse a conservative, antigovernment line

a. after being elected governor of California.

b. during World War II.

c. when he discovered communist infiltration in Hollywood.

d. when he became a wealthy movie star.

e. when he became a spokesman for General Electric.

e

The strong "tax revolt" against extensive government programs and spending was spurred by the passage of Proposition 13 in __________.

a. Arizona.

b. Wisconsin.

c. New Hampshire.

d. California.

e. Oregon.

d

Despite his failure in the White House, President Jimmy Carter earned widespread admiration in his post-presidential years for his

a. foreign policy speeches.

b. political influence in the Democratic party.

c. humanitarian and human rights activities.

d. advocacy of women's rights.

e. discovery of hundreds of new uses for peanuts.

c

Ronald Reagan's essential domestic goal as president was to

a. cutback on military expenditures.

b. remove government interference in people's private lives in such areas as abortion and pornography.

c. dismantle the welfare state and shrink the size of the federal government.

d. transfer welfare programs to the states.

e. reform public education.

c

Conservative Democrats who helped Ronald Reagan to pass his budget and tax-cutting legislation were called

a. blue dogs.

b. sagebrush rebels.

c. scalawags.

d. neoconservatives.

e. boll weevils.

e

Besides cutting the federal budget, Reagan's other main domestic initiative when he took office was

a. developing new programs to aid business.

b. expand federally funded social programs.

c. cut taxes by about 25 percent.

d. privatize the Social Security system.

e. eliminate government regulation of food and drugs.

b

Ronald Reagan's "supply side" economic advisers assured him that the combination of budgetary discipline and tax reduction would do all of the following except

a. stimulate new investment.

b. produce a recession-proof economy.

c. boost productivity.

d. foster dramatic economic growth.

e. balance the budget.

b

The first results of Reagan's supply-side economics in 1982 was

a. a sharp recession and rise in unemployment.

b. a reduced federal deficit.

c. an expansion of international trade.

d. an economic boom.

e. a wave of new business investment.

a

The term "yuppies" was slang applied to

a. the animal-rights movement.

b. people who maintained homes on both the east and west coasts.

c. high-living young people who practiced "conspicuous consumption."

d. young people who volunteered for service in the inner city.

e. hippies of the 1960s.

d

In the 1980s, for the first time in the twentieth century,

a. income gaps widened between the richest and the poorest Americans.

b. middle-class incomes rose.

c. the poor made economic gains.

d. the economy was uniformly healthy.

e. the majority of Americans were middle class.

a

One consequence of the record-high deficits and high interest rates of the 1980s was

a. lower energy costs.

b. growing productivity in manufacturing.

c. a soaring value for the dollar.

d. a general demand to raise taxes.

e. new capital investment.

c

To President Reagan, "the focus of evil in the modem world." was

a. anti-American terrorists.

b. the federal bureaucracy.

c. political liberalism.

d. the Soviet Union.

e. the Ayatollah Khomeini.

b

The first woman to receive the vice-presidential nomination of a major political party was

a. Elizabeth Dole.

b. Sandra Day O'Connor.

c. Jeanne Kirkpatrick.

d. Geraldine Ferraro.

e. Janet Reno.

d

For the Soviet Union's new policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) to work, it was essential that the

a. Soviets keep control of Eastern Europe.

b. communist party engage in democratic competition.

c. Middle East oilfields to be controlled by Soviet allies.

d. United States send aid to Russia.

e. Cold War end.

a

The Iran-contra investigations revealed Ronald Reagan as a president who

a. was an intellectual giant.

b. napped through cabinet meetings.

c. was losing his popularity.

d. paid too much attention to detail.

e. planned elaborate foreign policy moves.

c. was losing his popularity.

One of the greatest consequences of Reagan's expansion of the federal debt was

a. to make it harder to get private loans.

b. to make foreigners reluctant to accept American bonds.

c. to make new social spending practically and politically impossible.

d. to undermine the value of the dollar overseas.

e. to make further military spending impossible.

c

In 1986 Congress passed legislation mandating

a. an end to the Grenada invasion.

b. a reform of Social Security.

c. an end to affirmative action.

d. more spending for the military.

e. a balanced budget by 1991.

e

Ronald Reagan's highest political objective as president was

a. arms reduction.

b. a balanced budget.

c. the containment and then shrinkage of the welfare state.

d. the appointment of a conservative judiciary.

e. undermining liberal ideology.

c

The "new right" developed many of its tactical approaches by imitating the methods of

a. the prophets in the Bible.

b. the New Left.

c. Corporate advertising

d. underground guerillas.

e. political machines.

b

In the cases of Webster v. Reproductive Health Services and Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the Supreme Court

a. severely restricted abortion to the first two months of Pregnancy.

b. permitted states to put some restrictions on abortion while fundamentally upholding the abortion rights decision of Roe v. Wade.

c. overturned Roe v. Wade

d. declared that the issue of legalized abortion should be completely determined by the states.

e. galvanized anti-abortion forces into a new militancy.

b

The Democrats' hopes for the 1988 election rose sharply because of major scandals in the Reagan administration involving

a. bribes involving business deals in the Soviet Union.

b. election fraud.

c. the Iran-Contra affair and savings-and-loan banks.

d. kickbacks for oil leases on federal lands.

e. payoffs for U.S. hostages and campaign contributions from foreign corporations.

c

"Solidarity" was

a. the nickname for southern Democrats who supported Reagan.

b. a massive working-class labor union of Polish dissidents.

c the mutual pledge by the United States and European nations to resist any Soviet efforts to divide their alliance.

d. the slogan of the Moral Majority.

e. the slogan of the revived U.S. labor movement.

b

As one consequence of the demise of the Soviet Union,

a. religious rivalries in Russia ended.

b. Solidarity rose in Poland.

c. the entire European continent became more stable.

d. long-suppressed ethnic hatreds flared in the former Soviet republics.

e. the rivalry between Russia and China ended.

d

All of the following issues or developments in the 1992 political campaign revealed popular disgust with incumbents except

a. the intractable budgetary crisis.

b. the stagnant economy.

c. the debate over "family values."

d. the revelation that many House members had written bad checks from their accounts in a private House "bank":

e. Ross Perot's winning of nearly 20% of the vote.

c

Modem conservatism springs from

a. a repudiation of government.

b. a disapproval of priorities and strategies from the New Deal.

c. a disapproval of priorities and strategies from the Great Society.

d. a dislike of technology.

e. all of the above.

c

Which of the following was not among the ways that the "New Right" of the 1980s imitated the tactics and approaches of the "New Left" of the 1960s?

a. "making the personal political"

b. practicing "identity politics"

c. seizing control of colleges and universities

d. using small group sessions to "raise consciousness"

e. engaging in tactics of street protest and civil disobedience

c

The Supreme Court cases of Webster v. Reproductive Health Services and Planned Parenthood v. Casey

a. in effect overturned the Roe v. Wade abortion decision.

b. prohibited abortion in cases of rape or incest.

c. strongly affirmed a woman's right to have an abortion.

d. permitted states to place some restrictions on abortion.

e. permitted abortion opponents to engage in "sidewalk counseling" and other tactics near abortion clinics.

d

Among the Democrats whom Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis defeated for the party's nomination to run against George Bush in 1988 were

a. Edward Kennedy and Jimmy Carter.

b. Walter Mondale and Geraldine Ferraro.

c. Gary Hart and Jesse Jackson.

d. Bill Clinton and Albert Gore.

e. Paul Simon and Lloyd Bentsen.

c

In response to the collapse of the Soviet Union, President George Bush called for a "new world order" where

a. Russia would join the democratic West in containing communist China.

b. the United States would serve as policeman for the world.

c. the United Nations would assert sovereignty over the rival nation-states.

d. global capitalism would supersede all regional and local economies.

e. democracy would reign supreme and diplomacy would replace weaponry.

e

The United States joined its allies in the Persian Gulf War in order to

a. regain control of the Middle East oil supply.

b. roll back Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.

c. demonstrate that the U.S. military could conduct a major ground war thousands of miles from its home bases.

d. support Israel against the growing threat from the Arab states.

e. guarantee a permanent U.S. naval presence in the Middle East.

b

The result of the Persian Gulf War was that

a. Kuwait was liberated but Saddam Hussein stayed in power.

b. the U.S. and Iraq bogged down in a stalemate in the desert.

c. the U.S. won the war with air power alone.

d. the tensions in the Middle East were substantially reduced.

e. Saddam Hussein was overthrown by rebel Iraqis who received American aid.

a

The explosive Senate hearings that nearly prevented Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas from being confirmed involved charges that Thomas was guilty of

a. racial discrimination.

b. jury tampering.

c. plagiarism.

d. sexual harassment.

e. disrespecting civil liberties and the First Amendment.

d

1. One reason for the end of the postwar economic boom in the 1970s was

a. the entry of large numbers of women in the work force.

b. the Arab oil embargo.

c. a decline in technological innovation.

d. a lack of government safety and health regulations.

e. a drastic decline in worker productivity.

a

2. Lyndon Johnson's insistence on fighting the Vietnam War and finding the Great Society with a tax increase to pay for them led to

a. a drastic inflation of prices in the 1970s.

b. a decline in the competitive advantage of American business.

c. severe cutbacks in the size of the federal government.

d. a taxpayer revolt.

e. a growing reliance on overseas trade to sustain the American economy.

a

3. The poor economic performance of the 1970s brought an abrupt end to

a. American reliance on Middle Eastern oil.

b. the Social Security and Medicare programs for the elderly.

c. the increases in military spending of the 1960s.

d. the liberal dream that affluent American could spend its way to social justice.

e. reliance on the dollar as a stable international currency.

d

4. The Nixon Doctrine proclaimed that the United States would

a. honor its existing defense commitment, but that in the future its allies would have to fight their own wars without large numbers of American troops.

b. supply only economic aid to its allies.

c. seek detente with the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China.

d. intervene to help its allies fight communism only if the United States was allowed to send American troops.

e. maintain naval and air bases in East Asia but not put troops on the Asian mainland.

a

5. Perhaps Richard Nixon's most valuable asset as he began his presidency in 1969 was his

a. naturally conciliatory manner.

b. inclination to try to work openly with antiwar liberals to halt the Vietnam War.

c. close connection with former President Eisenhower.

d. clear mandate from the public as a result of his 1968 election victory.

e. expertise in foreign affairs.

e

6. President Nixon's policy of "Vietnamization" of the war in Vietnam called for

a. a gradual handover of the ground war to the South Vietnamese.

b. a full-scale conventional invasion of North Vietnam.

c. reorganization of the American army in Vietnam into anti-guerrilla units.

d. an end to all American military and economic aid to South Vietnam.

e. a de-emphasis on military assaults in favor of Vietnamese social reform.

a

7. Richard Nixon's Vietnam policy included all of the following except

a. Vietnamization.

b. extension of the war to Cambodia.

c. massive bombing campaigns in Vietnam.

d. increased American troop commitments.

e. creating a draft lottery and reducing draft calls.

d

8. The American armed forces in Vietnam were composed largely of

a. marines.

b. African Americans.

c. soldiers in their middle and late twenties.

d. the least privileged young Americans.

e. professional career soldiers.

d

9. The __________ Amendment __________ the voting age to __________.

a. Twenty-sixth; raised; twenty-one

b. Twenty-fourth; lowered; eighteen

c. Twenty-fifth; raised; nineteen

d. Twenty-sixth; lowered; eighteen

e. Twenty-sixth; lowered; sixteen

d

10. The top secret "Pentagon Papers," leaked and published in 1971,

a. revealed President Nixon's role in the Watergate scandal.

b. documented the North Vietnamese attack in the Gulf of Tonkin.

c. exposed President Nixon's secret bombing war of Cambodia.

d. was the first the American public knew of the Nixon Doctrine.

e. exposed the deception that had led the United States into the Vietnam War.

e

11. President Nixon's chief foreign-policy adviser was

a. Henry Kissinger.

b. John Dean III.

c. Spiro Agnew.

d. Cyrus Vance.

e. Donald Rumsfeld.

a

12. Richard Nixon's policy of détente

a. was designed to improve relations between the Soviet Union and China.

b. was aimed at ending the division of Germany and Korea.

c. was a failure.

d. found support in the Democratic party but not the Republican party.

e. ushered in an era of relaxed tensions between the United States and the two leading communist powers, China and the Soviet Union.

e