dcush 5

How did Manifest Destiny influence the national debate over expanding slavery?

It justified spreading slavery into western territories as part of national growth

How did the annexation of Texas reflect expansionist nationalism in the 1840s?

It embodied territorial ambition backed by pro slavery interests and appeals to national destiny

What was the significance of “Fifty four forty or fight!”?

It urged maximum claims to the Oregon Territory to assert US power and appeal to expansionist voters

How did the Mexican American War intensify sectional tensions?

By producing new land that reignited conflict over whether slavery would expand

What did debates over the Wilmot Proviso reveal about North South divisions?

They showed Northern attempts to restrict slavery’s expansion and Southern resistance to federal limits

How did the Mexican American War expose and worsen sectional divisions?

New territories triggered disputes over slavery’s status and political power

Why was the Wilmot Proviso proposed?

To ban slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico and prevent its westward expansion

How did new territory acquisitions challenge political parties and alliances?

They split parties along sectional lines over slavery and weakened old coalitions

How did the Free Soil movement change the political conversation about slavery?

It framed opposition to slavery’s expansion around free labor and economic opportunity for white settlers

How did the Compromise of 1850 address tensions over expansion and slavery?

It admitted California as free allowed popular sovereignty in some territories and strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act

What factors led to the rise of the Republican Party in the 1850s?

Opposition to the Kansas Nebraska Act resistance to slavery’s expansion and free labor ideology

How did Republican economic vision reflect its stance on free labor and expansion?

It promoted free soil for small farmers internal improvements and a market economy without slavery’s expansion

How did Lincoln’s rise reflect political and moral conflicts over slavery?

His anti expansion stance and moral objections appealed to the North but alarmed the South

How did John Brown’s raid affect sectional tensions and views of abolitionism?

It heightened Southern fears of slave revolt and radicalized perceptions of Northern abolitionists

In what ways was the Civil War the first modern war?

It used mass conscription industrial weapons railroads and total economic mobilization

How did railroads telegraph and ironclads affect the Civil War’s outcome?

They improved communication transportation and naval power helping the side with more resources

Why did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation and what were its purposes?

It weakened the Confederacy by freeing slaves in rebelling states and aligned the Union with abolition and allowed Black enlistment

How did the Emancipation Proclamation shape international views of the Civil War?

It portrayed the Union cause as anti slavery discouraging European support for the Confederacy

Why is the Civil War considered a Second American Revolution?

It transformed social order expanded federal power and ended slavery

What was the significance of the 13th Amendment?

It abolished slavery nationwide reshaping citizenship and labor relations

How did Black soldiers and laborers transform society during the Civil War?

They challenged slavery’s legitimacy and strengthened claims to citizenship

How did Lincoln’s view of freedom evolve during the Civil War?

He shifted from preserving the Union with slavery contained to endorsing emancipation and Black enlistment

How did the Civil War challenge traditional ideas about democracy and citizenship?

It expanded federal authority and redefined political membership through emancipation and service

How did the Confederate Constitution reflect Southern priorities?

It protected slavery and limited central power but expanded authority for wartime needs

What economic challenges did the Confederacy face?

Inflation shortages and a weak industrial base

Who resisted Confederate conscription and taxation and why?

Yeoman farmers and poor whites resented planter class privilege

How did states rights beliefs weaken Confederate mobilization?

States resisted central control hindering unified war efforts

Why was Confederate unity difficult to maintain?

Regional rivalries class divisions and state autonomy weakened cohesion

Why is Gettysburg considered a turning point?

It halted Lees invasion of the North and caused major Confederate losses

How did Vicksburg change the war?

It gave the Union control of the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy

What strategies began Reconstruction in Union occupied areas?

Military rule loyalty oaths and free labor contract experiments

What key questions did African Americans face during Reconstruction?

Land legal rights family autonomy and political participation

How did the Freedmen’s Bureau support formerly enslaved people?

By providing education labor contracts legal aid and limited relief

Why was defining freedom in the Reconstruction South difficult?

African American goals and white Southern resistance clashed over land labor and civil rights

How did Radical Republicans differ from President Andrew Johnson?

Radicals supported strong federal protection and Black rights while Johnson promoted lenient restoration of ex Confederates

What was the purpose of the Reconstruction Acts of 1867?

They placed the South under military rule and required new constitutions with Black male suffrage

Why was Andrew Johnson impeached?

He opposed congressional Reconstruction and violated limits on presidential power

How did Radical Reconstruction expand Black political participation?

By enforcing voting rights creating new constitutions and electing Black officials

What challenges weakened Radical Reconstruction?

KKK violence economic pressure and political backlash

What were key features of Radical Reconstruction governments?

Expanded public schools civil rights protections and infrastructure development

How did Reconstruction era constitutions reform voting education and property rights?

They expanded male suffrage created statewide public schools and protected property and contract rights

What roles did African Americans play in Southern politics during Reconstruction?

They served as voters delegates legislators and local officials

What limited the long term success of Radical Reconstruction?

Northern retreat economic depression white supremacist violence and Supreme Court decisions