Bone Tissue

Vocabulary flashcards about Bone Tissue PPT 1 Lecture Notes

Axial skeleton

Part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

Appendicular skeleton

Part of the skeleton that includes the limbs and their girdles.

Cartilage

A type of connective tissue that provides support and flexibility; examples include hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage.

Hyaline cartilage

Most common type of cartilage; found in the trachea, nose, and ends of long bones.

Elastic cartilage

Cartilage with abundant elastic fibers; more flexible than hyaline cartilage; found in the ear and epiglottis.

Fibrocartilage

Cartilage that contains strong collagen fibers; found in intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, and menisci.

Long bones

Classification of bones based on their proportions; consist of a long shaft with two ends.

Short bones

Classification of bones that are roughly cube-shaped.

Irregular bones

Classification of bones with complex shapes.

Flat bones

Classification of bones that are thin, flattened, and usually curved.

Protection

The function of bones to shield delicate structures like the brain, spinal cord, and vital organs.

Support

The function of bones to provide a framework that supports the body.

Levers

The function of bones that act as rigid structures that muscles pull on to produce movement.

Storage of minerals

The function of bones to serve as a reservoir for minerals, most notably calcium and phosphorus.

Hematopoiesis

The function of bones to serve as a site for blood cell formation, which occurs in the marrow cavities.

Triglyceride storage

The function of bones to store triglycerides (fat) in bone cavities.

Compact Osseous CT

Dense, solid outer layer of bone.

Spongy Osseous CT

The internal network of bone with small needle-like pieces called trabeculae.

Diaphysis

The shaft of a long bone.

Epiphysis

The end of a long bone.

Periosteum

A fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bone.

Endosteum

A connective tissue lining the medullary cavity of a bone.

Hematopoietic Tissue

Tissue that produces blood cells.

Osteogenic cells

Stem cells that divide to become osteoblasts.

Osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells that secrete collagen.

Osteoclasts

Bone-destroying cells that remodel bone.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells that maintain the calcium balance in bone.

Osteon

Structural unit of compact bone.

Canaliculi

Small channels connecting osteocytes.

Osteoid

The organic part of the bone matrix before mineralization.

Hydroxyapatite

A mineral of calcium and phosphate that crystallizes in the bone matrix.