Ceutics II Quiz 3

Select all ionizable derivatives of cellulose.

carboxymethylcellulose

3 multiple choice options

Epidermis is about ____ micrometers thick.

100

3 multiple choice options

Diaper rash ointments are made of ____ bases.

a) water-soluble

b) water-removable

c) hydrocarbon (fatty / oleaginous)

d) absorption

c) hydrocarbon (fatty / oleaginous)

d) absorption

Select all derivatives of cellulose that hydrate in cold water under stirring.

a) hydroxypropylcellulose

b) methylcellulose

c) carboxymethylcellulose

d) hydroxyethylcellulose

c) carboxymethylcellulose

d) hydroxyethylcellulose

The best surrogate of human skin in in vitro experiments is ____ skin.

pig

3 multiple choice options

Typical microneedles have the length between ____ and ____ millimeters.

Column A:

lower limit

upper limit

Column B:

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

lower limit ---- 0.1

upper limit ---- 1

Water-removable bases are based on ____ .

oily substances such as petrolatum or stearic acid

3 multiple choice options

Which gelling agent is cross-linked using calcium salts?

alginates

3 multiple choice options

Select all derivatives of cellulose that can be mixed with ethanol.

a) hydroxyethylcellulose

b) methylcellulose

c) carboxymethylcellulose

d) hydroxypropylcellulose

b) methylcellulose

d) hydroxypropylcellulose

Acrylic acid is the monomer for ____ .

carbomers

3 multiple choice options

If the matrix itself is capable of holding the patch attached to skin, the patch is classified as ____ patch.

drug-in-adhesive

3 multiple choice options

The most occlusive bases are the ____ bases.

hydrocarbon (fatty / oleaginous)

3 multiple choice options

Stratum basale contains living cells.

True/False

True

Select all bases that are easily spreadable.

a) absorption

b) water-soluble

c) hydrocarbon (fatty / oleaginous)

d) water-removable

b) water-soluble

d) water-removable

The drug in rectal ointments does not undergo the first-pass hepatic elimination.

True/False

True

Water-removable bases contain more than ____ % of water.

45

3 multiple choice options

Select all bases that provide at least some occlusiveness.

a) water-removable

b) hydrocarbon (fatty / oleaginous)

c) water-soluble

d) absorption

b) hydrocarbon (fatty / oleaginous)

d) absorption

Which gelling agent is produced from seaweed?

alginates

3 multiple choice options

Yellow petrolatum belongs to the category of ____ bases.

hydrocarbon (fatty / oleaginous)

3 multiple choice options

Which gelling agent exhibits increased viscosity with the increase in temperature?

poloxamers

3 multiple choice options

Phonophoresis utilizes the ultrasound with ____ frequency.

1-MHz

3 multiple choice options

Hydrous absorption bases are water-in-oil emulsions.

True/False

True

Hydrophilic petrolatum belongs to the category of ____ bases.

absorption

3 multiple choice options

Select all possible mechanisms for drugs crossing the stratum corneum lipids.

a) dissolution of lipids

b) carrier-mediated transport

c) lateral diffusion in the bilayers

d) trans-bilayer transport

c) lateral diffusion in the bilayers

d) trans-bilayer transport

The ____ ointments need to be sterile.

ophthalmic

3 multiple choice options

The capillaries that are closest to the skin surface are found in ____ .

dermis

3 multiple choice options

The drug in vaginal ointments does not undergo the first-pass hepatic elimination.

True/False

True

Select all derivatives of cellulose that are incompatible with ethanol.

a) carboxymethylcellulose

b) methylcellulose

c) hydroxypropylcellulose

d) hydroxyethylcellulose

a) carboxymethylcellulose

d) hydroxyethylcellulose

In the brick and mortar model of stratum corneum, what are the bricks and what is the mortar?

Column A:

bricks

mortar

Column B:

keratinized envelopes

lipid matrix

keratinocytes

keratin

bricks ---- keratinized envelopes

mortar ---- lipid matrix

Magma denotes ____ .

two-phase gels

3 multiple choice options

Fusion denotes ____ of ointment components.

melting together

3 multiple choice options

Select the cells that are prevalent in viable epidermis.

keratinocytes

3 multiple choice options

Stratum lucidum contains living cells.

True/False

True

Select all bases that can be used for hydrolyzable drugs.

hydrocarbon (fatty / oleaginous)

3 multiple choice options

Select the requirements for vehicles used in trans-dermal devices.

a) extremely high solubility for the transported drug

b) high ionization of drugs in the vehicle medium

c) intermediate, optimum solubility for the transported drug leading to dissolution but not confinement of drug molecules

d) low ionization of drugs in the vehicle medium

c) intermediate, optimum solubility for the transported drug leading to dissolution but not confinement of drug molecules

d) low ionization of drugs in the vehicle medium

Methyl paraben is used in Carbomer Gel as ____ .

preservative

3 multiple choice options

If the drug is dissolved in semi-solid matrix that does not require a membrane to be held in place, the patch is classified as ____ patch.

monolithic

3 multiple choice options

The ____ bases are most frequently used.

water-removable

3 multiple choice options

Methyl hydroxybenzoate is used in Sodium Alginate Gel Base as ____ .

preservative

3 multiple choice options

Vanishing Cream belongs to the category of ____ bases.

water-removable

3 multiple choice options

Select all advantages of transdermal patches.

a) steady flux

b) avoiding hepatic first-pass metabolism and GI problems

c) patient comfort and compliance

d) extended therapy with single application

a) steady flux

b) avoiding hepatic first-pass metabolism and GI problems

c) patient comfort and compliance

d) extended therapy with single application

Select all processes involved in iontophoretic transdermal delivery.

a) the increase of water content in stratum corneum

b) electroosmotic flow

c) disruption of stratum corneum

d) repulsion of the charges of the same sign

a) the increase of water content in stratum corneum

b) electroosmotic flow

c) disruption of stratum corneum

d) repulsion of the charges of the same sign

Adhesive can be found ____ of the patch.

a) at the outer surface of the backing film

b) at the diameter of the contact area

c) at the entire surface of the contact area

d) as a vehicle in the drug formulation

b) at the diameter of the contact area

c) at the entire surface of the contact area

d) as a vehicle in the drug formulation

Ointments always contain an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient.

True/False

False

Hydrous lanolin belongs to the category of ____ bases.

absorption

3 multiple choice options

Typical local effects of drugs and other chemicals on the surface of the skin include ____ . Select all applicable effects.

a) hydration

b) keratolytic action

c) vasodilation

d) killing surface microorganisms

a) hydration

d) killing surface microorganisms

Hydrous lanolin contain some water and allows for incorporation of water to form an oil-in-water emulsion.

True/False

False

The OTC diaper rash ointment Aquapor is based on a(n) ____ base.

absorption

3 multiple choice options

Select all bases that can be used in emollients.

a) absorption

b) water-removable

c) hydrocarbon (fatty / oleaginous)

d) water-soluble

a) absorption

b) water-removable

c) hydrocarbon (fatty / oleaginous)

Jet injectors fire the solid drug particles using compressed ____ gas.

helium

3 multiple choice options

Hydrophilic ointment belongs to the category of ____ bases.

water-removable

3 multiple choice options

Calcium citrate is used in Sodium Alginate Gel Base as ____ .

cross-linking agent

3 multiple choice options

Polyethylene Glycol Ointment belongs to the category of ____ bases.

water-soluble

3 multiple choice options

Keratinized envelopes in stratum corneum are permeable to most drugs.

True/False

False

If the drug is dissolved in liquid or gel vehicle, the patch is classified as ____ patch.

reservoir

3 multiple choice options

Water-removable bases consist of ____ .

a) oily component

b) w/o surfactant

c) humectant

d) o/w surfactant

a) oily component

c) humectant

d) o/w surfactant

Confocal fluorescence microscopy can be used to track the movement of ____ drug molecules in the skin.

fluorescent

3 multiple choice options

Propyl paraben is used in Carbomer Gel as ____ .

preservative

3 multiple choice options

In ophthalmic applications, the ointments provide ____ than drops.

a) larger volume of the dose

b) lower clearance of the dosage form

c) extended residence time on the surface of the eye

d) faster drug transport

a) larger volume of the dose

b) lower clearance of the dosage form

c) extended residence time on the surface of the eye

Absorption bases consist of ____ .

a) fatty base

b) humectant

c) w/o surfactant

d) o/w surfactant

a) fatty base

c) w/o surfactant

Dermis is ____ micrometers thick.

1000+

3 multiple choice options

Soft petrolatum belongs to the category of ____ bases.

hydrocarbon (fatty / oleaginous)

3 multiple choice options

Transdermal patches that contain a membrane separating the drug formulation from the skin exhibit ____ kinetics. Select all applicable mechanisms.

a) zero-order

b) pseudo-first-order

c) Higuchi

d) Michaelis-Menten

b) pseudo-first-order

c) Higuchi

Triethanolamine is used in Carbomer Gel as ____ .

neutralizing agent

3 multiple choice options

Glycerin is used in Sodium Alginate Gel Base as ____ .

humectant

3 multiple choice options

Sodium alginate is used in Sodium Alginate Gel Base as ____ .

gelling agent

3 multiple choice options

Match the molecular-weight range with the consistency of the polyethylene glycols.

Column A:

colorless liquid

semi-solid

white, wax-like solid

Column B:

less than 600 g/mol

between 600 and 1000 g/mol

more than 1000 g/mol

colorless liquid ---- less than 600 g/mol

semi-solid ---- between 600 and 1000 g/mol

white, wax-like solid ---- more than 1000 g/mol

Soft petrolatum base consists of semi-solid hydrocarbons mixed with ____ % of mineral oil.

10

3 multiple choice options

For the maximum rate of diffusion through the SC lipids, the drug needs to have the following magnitudes of properties.

Column A:

lipophilicity

amphiphilicity

cephalophilicity

Column B:

low

intermediate

high

lipophilicity ---- intermediate

amphiphilicity ---- intermediate

cephalophilicity ---- intermediate

Carbomer 934 is used in Carbomer Gel as ____ .

gelling agent

3 multiple choice options

Single-phase gels are more stable than two-phase gels.

True/False

True

Practically each drug can be formulated for transdermal delivery using a patch.

True/False

False

Stratum corneum contains living cells.

True/False

False

Which gelling agents need to be used in the highest concentrations?

poloxamers

3 multiple choice options

Stratum granulosum contains living cells.

True/False

True

Yellow petrolatum consists of the hydrocarbons containing more than ____ carbons.

25

3 multiple choice options

Select all bases that have good washability.

a) water-removable

b) absorption

c) water-soluble

d) hydrocarbon (fatty / oleaginous)

a) water-removable

c) water-soluble

Trans-dermal flux is proportional to ____ . Select all factors that apply.

a) diffusion coefficient in the SC lipids

b) drug concentration in the vehicle

c) the partition coefficient SC lipids/vehicle

d) thickness of the barrier

a) diffusion coefficient in the SC lipids

b) drug concentration in the vehicle

c) the partition coefficient SC lipids/vehicle

Select all mechanisms by which penetration enhancers speed up the transdermal absorption.

a) creation of the pools in the bilayer

b) decreasing the thickness of stratum corneum

c) lipid extraction

d) insertion of the enhancer in the core or headgroup regions of the bilayers

a) creation of the pools in the bilayer

c) lipid extraction

d) insertion of the enhancer in the core or headgroup regions of the bilayers

Transdermal patches that contain the drug formulation forming a direct contact with the skin exhibit ____ kinetics. Select all applicable mechanisms.

zero-order

3 multiple choice options

Most drugs are transported through stratum corneum via ____ route.

paracellular

3 multiple choice options

Select all mechanisms by which penetration enhancers speed up the transdermal absorption.

a) decreasing the thickness of stratum corneum

b) increasing the partitioning of the drugs into stratum corneum lipids

c) insertion of the enhancer in the core or headgroup regions of the bilayers

d) keratin denaturation

c) insertion of the enhancer in the core or headgroup regions of the bilayers

d) keratin denaturation

Select all mechanisms by which penetration enhancers speed up the transdermal absorption.

a) decreasing the thickness of stratum corneum

b) lipid extraction

c) creation of the pools in the bilayer

d) insertion of the enhancer in the core or headgroup regions of the bilayers

b) lipid extraction

c) creation of the pools in the bilayer

d) insertion of the enhancer in the core or headgroup regions of the bilayers

White petrolatum belongs to the category of ____ bases.

hydrocarbon (fatty / oleaginous)

3 multiple choice options

Hydrophilic petrolatum does not contain water but allows for incorporation of water to form an oil-in-water emulsion.

True/False

False

Trans-dermal flux is inversely proportional to ____ . Select all factors that apply.

thickness of the barrier

3 multiple choice options

Water-soluble bases are based on ___ .

polyethylene glycols

3 multiple choice options

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