Everything's An Argument Ch. 5-6

Straw Man

CREATING/ARGUING AGAINST AN OPPONENT THAT DOESN’T REALLY EXIST

Non Sequitur

AN ARGUMENT WHOSE CLAIMS DON’T CONNECT LOGICALLY—THE CONCLUSION DOESN’T FOLLOW THE PREMISE

SLIPPERY SLOPE

EXAGGERATES THE CONSEQUENCES OF SOMETHING, ARGUES THAT IF X HAPPENS, Y WILL DEFINITELY FOLLOW

BANDWAGON

ARGUMENT THAT EVERYONE ELSE IS DOING IT, SO SHOULD YOU/I

DOGMATISM

ARGUES THAT THERE CAN BE NO ARGUMENT AGAINST THE STANCE

EQUIVOCATION

HALF TRUTH, TWISTING WORDS

AD HOMINEM (‘TO THE MAN’)

ATTACKING THE CHARACTER INSTEAD OF WORDS OR DEEDS

FAULTY CAUSALITY

ASSUMING ONE THING CAUSES ANOTHER

OVERLY SENTIMENTAL APPEAL

PLAYS ON EMPATHY, EMOTIONS (GUILT, ETC)

BEGGING THE QUESTION/CIRCULAR REASONING

USING A GENERAL CLAIM TO REFUTE A SPECIFIC OBSERVATION

FAULTY ANALOGY

COMPARING TWO NON-COMPARABLE THINGS

SCARE TACTICS

USING FEAR TO GET PEOPLE TO TAKE ACTION

RED HERRING

Introducing irrelevant information to distract from the main issue.

DISTRACTING PEOPLE FROM THE ARGUMENT

HASTY GENERALIZATION/STEREOTYPING

Making a conclusion based on insufficient or biased evidence, often leading to unfair assumptions about a group.

APPEAL TO FALSE AUTHORITY

RELYING ON A QUESTIONABLE AUTHORITY TO BACK UP YOUR ARGUMENT

EITHER/OR

A fallacy that presents two options as the only possibilities, ignoring other viable alternatives.

STACKING THE DECK

A fallacy that involves presenting only evidence that supports one side of an argument while ignoring or suppressing evidence that contradicts it.

ONE SIDE OF THE STORY

EXTREMES

Going too far with your argument which forces a choice between two extreme positions, neglecting any moderate or reasonable alternatives.

LIVE OR DIE —> NO IN BETWEEN

EXAGGERATION

USING HYPERBOLE, PUTTING A CLAIM OR A CONSEQUENCE TOO STRONGLY

LOADED WORDS (NAMECALLING)

USING NON-OBJECTIVE, EMOTIONAL WORDS