Module # 6 : middle childhood

Concreate operational stage

( piget) from ages 7 to 11, children master the use of logic in concrete ways and is able to use inductive reasoning to make conclusions

Classification

can include new ways of arranging, categorizing, or creating classes of information, and will grow during middle childhood

identity

includes the understanding that objects have an idenitiy

qualities that do not change even if the object is alteres

reversibility

( 7-11) understand that some things that have changed can be returned to their original state

sensory memeory

information first enters our sensory memory

Working memory

When meaningful information moves from sensory memory into working memory, which consists of information we are immediately and consciously aware of but has limited space

Long-term memory

has an unlimited capacity and consists of things that we know or can remember if asked

self-fulfilling prophecy

results when the person tends to act in such a way to make what you predict will happen come true and reinforces the power of labeling

Autism spectrum disorder ( ASD)

affect communication and behavior and can result in difficulty with or lack of interest in learning language as well as difficulty reading social cues

Dyslexia

neurobiological in origin and is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition as well as poor spelling and decoding abilities, presenting reading difficulties

one of the most commonly diagnosed disabilities and appears to be rooted in some neurological problems involving parts of the brain active in recognizing letter, verbally responding, and manipulating sounds

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD)

considering neurological and behavioral resulting in difficulty staying on, task, screening out distractions, and inhibiting behavioral outbursts

Achievement test

are used to measure what a child has learned, as well as often used to measure teaching effectiveness and determine the amount of tax dollars for school ( No Child Left Behind Act mandated administration and publication of results ) A

Aptitude test

measure a student’s ability to learn or identify potential in a particular program

theory of multiple intelligence

( Gardner ) suggest nine domains of intelligence

Logical-Mathematical, linguistic, and spatial

skills that can be measured by IQ test

Musical, bodily-kinesthetic, naturalistic, interpersonal, intrapersonal and existential

skills are not measured by standard IQ testing but can be important for success in variety of fields

Academic ( componential )

includes the ability to solve problems of logic, verbal comprehension, vocabulary, and spatial abilities Cr

Creative ( experiential)

includes the ability to apply newly found skills to novel situations

Practical ( contextual )

the ability to use common sense and to know what is called for in a situation

Ecological systems model ( Bronfenbrenner)

helps us understander an individual by examine the context in which a person lives and the direct and indirect influence on that person’s life

Student state

where the student focuses on or tries to stay focused on a task, is passive, compliant, and often frustrated

stress corner state

one in which that child is playful, energetic, excited, and expresses opinions, feelings, and beliefs( only about 66 minutes a day )

home state

occurs when parents or sibling visit the school and might include special privileges or behavioral exemptions

sanctity state

a time in which the child is contemplative, quite, or prayerful, and is typically a very brief part of the day

hidden curriculum

cultural values, concept, behaviors, and roles that are part of the school experience but not curriculum

industry vs. inferiority stage

children in middle childhood are very industrious and busy, where they are gaining a sense of how they measure up when compared with friends

popular-prosocial

Children tend to do well in school and are cooperative and friendly

Popular-antisocial

children may gain popularity by acting tough or spreading rumors

Withdrawn-rejected

children are easy targets for bullies because they are unlikely to retaliate A

Aggressive-rejected

children are ostracized and may be acting out due to insecurity

Neglected

children who tend to go unnoticed but are not especially liked or disliked by peers Aver

Average

children who receive an average number of positive and negative nominations from their peers

Controversial

children who may be strongly liked or disliked by quite a few peers

Pre-conventional Moral Development

A superficial understanding of right and wrong with a focus on the direct consequence of actions, avoiding punishment, and self-interest

Conventional Moral Development

A good decision gains the approval of others, or one that complies with the law with a focus on maintaining social order

Post-conventional Moral development

right and wrong are based on social contract established for the good of everyone or an universal principles of right and wrong transcend the self and social convention and includes realizing that not everything is black and white and thinking about morality in a non-personal way

False self-training

refers to holding a child to adult standards while denying the child’s developmental needs