CAB 1

flip for NS GD and M definitions

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what is infanticide? why does it make sense or not make sense?

Typically, the males kill newborns in tight social systems clustered in ecological places that promote these social groups.

• “good for the group bc there are too many offspring to manage.”

issues with this: affects all individuals… might be confused and snap?… why the infants?

• Darwinian explanation: nourishment, and inducing female reproduction

• only kill infants of females that they did not mate with… wanting to save resources for their genes only?…

• if a male can take over a group and kill an infant quickly, their genes might benefit future offspring? (kin selection)… The odds are low and this doesn’t make sense but may be a possibility

name a few of the current perspectives on animal behavior

what are the functions and mechanisms of genes?

how do genes influence behaviour?

what factors might affect the way that genes effect behaviour?

bee and bird experiment examples

slugs and snakes… feeding preferences

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Flies-sitter vs. rovers -hybridization

flip for video and info

hypoth for vole experiment

-also observed that the receptor proteins were coded for by one gene -V1AR

-what is the mech for these differences?

-is there a single gene responsible?

results for vole experiment flip for alternate

testign alternate hypoth for vole experiment?

vole experiment info card. flip for conclusion

Vole experiment MAIN INFO LEARNED

How can you tell if the behavior is caused by a single gene or a complex of genes? (3 ways)

Example of correlation or observation to figure out if a behavior is caused by one gene or a complex of genes INFO CARD FLIP FOR MORE

INFO CARD

what is the interactive theory of development? define development

define and state the adaptive significance of Behavioral polymorphism, imprinting, fixed action patterns, and taste aversion

add definitions

Example of behavioral polymorphism? definition?

developmental shifts based on environmental cues

-clown fish

-bees

Example of imprinting? definition? when is this bad?

bad in animals with no parental care… would learn all the wrong things if parent wasnt around and imprinted on wrong species

Cross-fostering info slide

Example of fixed action patterns? definition?

when would fixed a $ction patterns and imprinting be adaptive?

Example of taste aversion? definition?

Learning from bad experiences not to eat something because of a learned association with a taste or smell.

what are the main reasons behavioral observations even matter?

Why is anthropomorphism an issue? Define ethogram and state vs. event.

ethograms allow for standardized definitions across several observers and over time

-Defining state vs. event allows temporal or spatial aspects of a unit of behavior to be noted.

what is Ad Libitum Sampling? pros and cons?

what is scan sampling? pros and cons?

what is focal animal sampling? pros and cons?

you can get high-resolution individual data but its very time intensive

What are the 3 main trade-offs of sampling techniques for behavioral observations?

when should we use focal sampling?

-1 individual fixed time

-continuous or instantaneous

what is the difference between continuous and instantaneous focal sampling? pros and cons of each?

one-zero sampling? pros and cons?

not good

All-occurence sampling? pros and cons?

how to choose methods for each situations info card (can also combine methods) flip for common pitfalls

Important takeaways and closing question info card on behavioral observations

nervous system info card flip for more

what is neuroscience?

what did Tinbergen question and study?

what are the components of the nervous system?

what is the function of nerves and how do they work?

how are neurons the building blocks of behavior?

how can you study the effects of the nervous system on behavior?

brain anatomy info card flip for more

what are fixed action patterns?

what are central pattern generators?

ex: escape behavior by sea slugs

info card flip for key takeaway summary

what are hormones? give a few examples of organs that assist in transmission and creation.

ex of functions: heart rate -epinephrine

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compare/contrast hormones vs neurons

how do you study the effects of hormones on the behavior

give an example of how hormones effect behavior

info card.. how can we study these effects? flip for more

castrate and view effects but surgery may cause issues… so castrate all and replace hormones (medicate) some to see if it is really the hormones

describe positives and negatives of testosterone

info card: commonly known lizard experiment on testosterone… higher levels of testosterone can have good impacts quickly, but very detrimental long term. Testosterone causes a metabolic shift, which causes the colors… could be bc less camouflaging but mostly cuz testosterone is energetically expensive

what is Umwelt?

How animals sense and perceive the world!

Sense: noticing stimulus changes

Perception: processing this information which effects their thoughts and behavioral decision making

how can someone determine an animals Umwelt?

-you can train an animal to tell us what they sense

-ask them!

-test them

-physiology

-see how they response to stimuli

what is a sensory system?

what are the 5 steps to process sensory systems?

1 & 2: Mechanical

what are the 3 types of available energy forms to be received?

where does seeing occur?

what energy is available to be received? (in depth of 3 kinds.. produced by what or who?)

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