AP Psych Unit 1 Review - Intro to Psych

Full review of Myer's AP Psychology Unit 1 textbook for review for the AP exam.

Psychology

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Structuralism

explores the mind’s structure through the use of introspection

Functionalism

explores how mental processes enable an organism to adapt and survive

Experimental Psychology

scientific study of behavior or mental processes done in a controlled setting like a lab

Behaviorism

psychological view that studies psychology through behavior and conditioning rather than mental processes

Humanistic Psychology

psychological view that emphasize the potential and free will of people through a positive aspect

Cognitive Neuroscience

study of how the brain enables our mind

Nature-Nurture Debate

do genetics (nature) or personal experiences and environmental factors (nurture) play bigger roles in shaping humans

Natural Selecton

process where organisms more adapted to their environment are more likely to succeed in passing down favorable genes

Biopsychsocial Approach

considering biological, psychological, and social factors when understanding human behaviors

Behavioral Psychology

studies how behaviors are acquired through conditioning and environmental interactions

Biological Psychology

studies how biological processes (like fight-or-flight) influence our behavior and mind

Cognitive Psychology

studies mental activities related to thinking, knowing, and remembering

Evolutionary Psychology

studies how human minds behaviors have evolved through natural selection

Psychodynamic Psychology

studies how unconscious drives and impulses influence behavior (used to treat mental disorders)

Socio-Cultural Psychology

studies how cultures and social situations impact our behavior and thinking

Developmental Psychology

studies how people change socially, physically, and cognitively as they grow and develop

Social Psychology

studies how people influence, think about, and relate to each other

Industrial-Organizational Psychology

applies psychological methods to optimize behavior in the workplace

Counseling Psychology

assists people with day-to-day problems with their wellbeing

Clinical Psychology

studies, assesses, and medically treats people with psychological disorders

Psychiatry

branch of medicine where physicians can offer psychological therapy as well as medical treatments

Positive Psychology

uses strengths, virtues, and positivity to help an individual grow

SQ3R

study method that helps master information (Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, Review)

Wilhelm Windt

developed structuralism and established the first psychology lab in Germany

William James

forefather of functionalism

Sigmund Freud

developed psychanalysis through the belief that humans have unconscious drives, motives, and conflicts

John B. Watson

developed behaviorism

Dorothea Dix

led the way to proper treatment for those with psychological disorders

B.F. Skinner

leading behaviorist who developed operant conditioning

Carl Rogers

developed humanistic psychology and key factors of it

Ivan Pavlov

first person to experiment with classical conditoning

Jean Piaget

Swiss biologist who studied children’s cognitive development

Psychometrics

scientific study of measuring human abilities, behaviors, and traits

Educational Psychology

studies how psychological processes affect and enhance learning and teaching

Personality Psychology

studies a human’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Applied Research

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Testing Effect

enhanced memory of information after retrieving it from our memory storage rather than just rereading information