APGOPO Review

Fed 10

argues for large republic to control factions

Brutus 1

Anti-Federalist essay; warned against large central government overpowering states.

Letter from Birmingham jail

MLK's defense of civil disobedience; highlighted injustice in segregation laws.

Article 5

2/3 of Congress or 2/3 of states propose; 3/4 of states ratify.

Proportional vs Winner-Takes-All

Proportional: Delegates based on vote share.

Winner-Takes-All: Winner gets all delegates.

Marbury v. Madison

Established Judicial Review

Judicial Activism vs Judicial Restraint

Activism: Judges make bold policy decisions.

Restraint: Defer to elected branches.

New York Times v. U.S.

Limited government use of prior restraint on press.

Federal Reserve (Reserve Requirement & Discount Rate)

Reserve Requirement: % of deposits banks must hold.

Discount Rate: Interest Fed charges banks.

Shaw v. Reno

Racial gerrymandering violates Equal Protection Clause.

Baker v. Carr

“One person, one vote”; courts can review redistricting.

McCullough v Maryland

The court decided that the Federal Government had the right and power to set up a Federal bank and that states did not have the power to tax the Federal Government.

U.S. v Lopez

Brought a gun to school and resulted in Congress’s power being limited under the commerce clause

Schenk v United States

Resulted in the clear and present danger case. He handed out pamphlets that was deemed dangerous

Citizens United v F.E.C.

the Court found that laws restricting the political spending of corporations and unions are inconsistent with the Free Speech Clause

Fed 78

primarily defends the concept of an independent judiciary with the power of judicial review 

Tinker V. Des Moine

Guaranteed students right to free speech and protest