PSYC2390_5.2

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43 Terms

1
Ambiguous stimulus
A stimulus that can be interpreted in multiple ways, leading to differing perceptions.
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2
Inverse projection problem
The challenge of determining the original object from its 2-D image on the retina, as multiple stimuli can produce the same image.
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3
Viewpoint invariance
The ability to recognize an object regardless of the angle from which it is viewed.
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4
Structuralism
A theory that views perception as the sum of all sensations, suggesting that the whole is different from the sum of its parts.
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5
Apparent movement
The perception of motion when nothing is actually moving.
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6
Illusory contours
Perceived edges or contours that are not actually present in the stimulus.
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7
Perceptual organization
The process through which the brain organizes sensory input into recognizable patterns or objects.
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8
Grouping principles
Rules that describe how we perceive objects as unified wholes, such as proximity and similarity.
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9
Good continuation
A Gestalt principle where points that are connected by straight or smoothly curving lines are seen as belonging together.
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10
Pragnanz
Simplicity; the principle that we perceive the simplest structure possible.
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11
Similarity
The principle stating that similar features are grouped together as part of the same object.
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12
Proximity
The principle that things that are near each other appear to be grouped together.
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13
Common fate
The principle where elements that move together are perceived as part of the same object.
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14
Figure-ground segregation
The process of identifying an object (figure) from its background (ground).
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15
Border ownership
The concept that borders of objects are generally perceived as belonging to the figure rather than the background.
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16
Convexity
The principle stating that regions with outward-bulging borders are more likely to be perceived as figures.
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17
Meaningfulness
The principle where recognizable objects are more likely to be perceived as figures.
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18
Depth perception
The ability to perceive the distance of objects and interpret one object as being in front of another.
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19
Surroundedness
A principle where a completely surrounded region is perceived as the figure.
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20
Heuristic
A mental shortcut or rule of thumb that simplifies decision making or problem solving.
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21
Recognition by components (RBC) theory
A theory suggesting that visual objects are recognized by identifying their volumetric features (geons) and their spatial relationships.
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22
Geons
The basic volumetric features used in recognition by components theory.
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23
Object recognition
The ability to identify an object based on its properties and features.
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24
Occlusion
A situation where one object partially covers another, affecting visibility and perception.
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25
Perception heuristics
Strategies employed by the visual system to make efficient decisions in perception, though not always accurate.
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26
Visual field
The entire area that can be seen at any given moment.
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27
Stimulus ambiguity
Occurs when the sensory input does not provide a clear and consistent signal about the object's identity.
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28
Perceptual cues
Visual elements that aid in object detection and recognition.
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29
Occlusion effects
Visual effects that result from one object blocking another, impacting perception.
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30
Scene perception
The process of interpreting visual elements and spatial relationships within a given scene.
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31
Pragmatic inference
Using context and knowledge to make guesses about the properties of objects.
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32
Visual discrimination
The ability to distinguish differences between two or more visual stimuli.
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33
Global superiority effect
The phenomenon where the whole figure takes precedence over its parts in perception.
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34
Top-down processing
Perception driven by cognition; using past experiences and knowledge to interpret sensory information.
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35
Bottom-up processing
Perception that starts with the stimulus and builds up to the final perception.
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36
Context effects
How the surrounding environment influences perception of an object.
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37
Multi-stable perceptions
The phenomenon where an object can be perceived in multiple ways at the same time.
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38
Sensation vs. perception
Sensation refers to the raw data collected by the senses, while perception is the interpretation of that sensory information.
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39
Visual masking
A technique used to disrupt perception by presenting additional visual stimuli.
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40
Perceptual constancy
The perception of an object as constant despite changes in sensory input.
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41
Sensory adaptation
The diminished sensitivity to a stimulus after prolonged exposure.
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42
Visual agnosia
A condition where a person is unable to recognize objects despite intact vision.
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43
Depth cues
Visual indicators that provide information about the spatial relationships between objects.
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