JazzAgeVocab

Political Philosophies

Beliefs on society and government organization.

Radical

Advocates for drastic revolutionary societal changes.

Conservative

Preserves existing order, often pro-business.

Reactionary

Desires to return to an idealized past.

Liberal

Advocates for changes reflecting societal conditions.

Progressives

Supporters of social reforms and change.

Red Scare

Fear of communism spreading in post-WWI USA.

Seattle General Strike

1919 strike by 35,000 shipyard workers.

Boston Police Strike

Over 70% of police sought better wages.

Calvin Coolidge

Called National Guard to settle police strike.

Steel Strike

1919 strike for union recognition and better pay.

Elbert Gary

Head of US Steel, refused to negotiate.

AFL

American Federation of Labor, led by Gompers.

United Mine Workers Strike

Workers demanded shorter hours and higher wages.

John L. Lewis

Key labor leader demanding better conditions.

A. Mitchell Palmer

Attorney General during the Red Scare.

Palmer Raids

Mass arrests and deportations during Red Scare.

May Day Violence

Bombings leading to Palmer Raids initiation.

Sacco and Vanzetti

Italian immigrants convicted of robbery and murder.

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

Resurgence linked to 'Birth of a Nation' film.

Treaty of Versailles

Agreement that impacted U.S. government post-WWI.

Gompers' Offer

Proposal to settle police strike rejected by Coolidge.

David Stephenson

Grand Dragon Klan leader convicted of murder.

Madge Oberholtzer

Victim of kidnapping and abuse by Stephenson.

D. W. Griffith

Director of 'Birth of a Nation' film.

Nativism

Movement against immigration from 1882 to 1942.

Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882

10-year ban on Chinese labor immigration.

Scott Act, 1888

Prohibited returning Chinese immigrants with authorization.

Geary Act, 1892

Extended Chinese Exclusion Act and required certificates.

Wong Wing v. United States

Supreme Court case against hard labor provision.

Asiatic barred zone

Regions banned from U.S. immigration by 1917 Act.

Emergency Quota Act, 1921

Established immigration limits and quota system.

National Origins Act, 1924

Reduced quotas to 152,000 and banned Asians.

Magnuson Act, 1942

Repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Scopes Monkey Trial

Debate on evolution vs. religion in education.

Butler Law, TN

Banned teaching theories contradicting Biblical creation.

John Scopes

Biology teacher indicted for teaching evolution.

Clarence Darrow

Defense attorney for John Scopes in trial.

William Jennings Bryan

Prosecutor arguing against Scopes' teachings.

Prohibition

18th Amendment banning alcohol, ratified in 1919.

Volstead Act

Implemented the Prohibition laws in the U.S.

Quota system

Regulated immigration based on national origins.

Immigration Act of 1924

Also known as Johnson-Reed Act, restricted immigration.

Anti-Immigration Laws

Legislation aimed at reducing immigration from specific groups.

Volstead Act

Prohibited alcohol in the U.S. starting 1920.

18th Amendment

Established nationwide prohibition in 1919.

Gangsters

Increased violence due to prohibition in cities.

Chicago Gang Violence

Nearly 500 gangsters died during the 1920s.

Protection Money

Extorted payments to gangsters by honest merchants.

Underworld Bosses

Earned $12 to $18 million annually by 1930.

John Dillinger

FBI's most wanted criminal during the prohibition.

Speakeasies

Secret bars for drinking during prohibition era.

Women's Drinking Rights

Women could drink in speakeasies, unlike saloons.

1920 National Election

Harding defeated Cox; first post-WWI election.

Nineteenth Amendment

Granted women nationwide suffrage in 1920.

Return to Normalcy

Harding's campaign promising stability post-WWI.

Mass Consumer Economy

1920s focused on business and consumerism.

Emergency Tariff Act, 1921

Raised tariffs to protect American farmers post-war.

Fordney McCumber Tariff, 1922

Protectionist tariff to shield U.S. manufacturers.

Tea Pot Dome Scandal

Corruption involving oil reserves and bribes.

Albert B. Fall

Interior Secretary convicted in Tea Pot Dome scandal.

Calvin Coolidge

Governor and Vice President; emphasized business.

Aggressive Govt Inactivity

Police inaction led to increased violence.

Bruce Barton

Authored 'The Man Nobody Knows' in 1925-26.

Assembly Line

Factory method producing goods more efficiently.

Electric Motors

More efficient motors powered by electricity.

Auto Industry Impact

Ford revolutionized multiple industries, employing millions.

Henry Ford

Pioneered moving assembly line for mass production.

Model T

Affordable, sturdy car for average Americans.

German Patents

Acquired by U.S. post WW1 for industrial growth.

Johnson & Johnson

Company that thrived from German chemical patents.

DuPont

Company that expanded after acquiring German patents.

Synthetics

New materials created from German patents post WW1.

Iron Lung

A mechanical respirator for polio patients.

Cures for diseases

Notable advancements include TB and Small Pox treatments.

Herbert Hoover

Elected President in 1928, known for prosperity.

Gov. Al Smith

Governor of New York during the 1920s.

Construction Boom

Led to iconic skyscrapers in urban areas.

Empire State Building

102-story skyscraper, tallest building in 1930.

Chrysler Building

Iconic New York skyscraper completed in 1928.

Rockefeller Center

Famous New York skyscraper completed in 1931.

Babe Ruth

Legendary baseball player, cultural icon.

Red Grange

Prominent figure in college football history.

Jack Dempsey

Famous boxing champion of the 1920s.

Bill Tilden

Renowned tennis player, major sports figure.

Bobby Jones

Influential golfer, known for his achievements.

Wright Brothers

First powered flight in 1903, Kitty Hawk.

Charles Lindbergh

First solo transatlantic flight pilot.

Spirit of St Louis

Aircraft used for first solo Atlantic flight.

Radio

Long-distance communication invention by Guglielmo Marconi.

KDKA Pittsburgh

First voice-carrying radio station, launched in 1920.

NBC

Established in 1926, one of first radio networks.

CBS

Founded in 1927, significant radio broadcasting network.

The Great Train Robbery

First narrative film, shown in nickelodeons.

Charlie Chaplin

Famous silent film star and comedian.

Cecil B. de Mille

Produced over 70 films, co-founded Paramount Pictures.

Al Jolson

Starred in 'The Jazz Singer,' first talking film.

Flappers

Women embracing independence, rejecting traditional norms.

Billy Sunday

Evangelist promoting traditional biblical values.

Aimee Semple McPherson

Founded Foursquare Church, used media for sermons.