Genetics: Mendel's Laws, Genes, and Punnett Squares
Studied by 1 person
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/33
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
|---|
No study sessions yet.
34 Terms
Dominant gene
A gene that is more powerful than the recessive gene
Recessive gene
A gene that is less powerful than a dominant gene
Piston
The 'male' part of the flower
Pollen
The 'female' part of the flower
Gregor Mendel
The 'Father of Genetics'
Diploid gene
Each chromosome has two identical copies of each chromosome.
Punnett Square
A graphic and mathematical method to predict the genotype of offspring and their traits, as based on the parents' genotypes.
The Law of Segregation
Mendel's Third Law which states that organisms that sexually reproduce with meiosis have 2 copies of every gene and only one of these genes is passed to the next generation.
The Law of Independent Assortment
Mendel's Second Law explains the inheritance of two separate genes from two different sets of chromosomes.
The Law of Dominance
Mendel's Third Law states that recessive alleles will always be masked by dominant alleles.
Who is known as the 'Father of Genetics'?
Gregor Mendel.
What organism did Mendel study for inheritance?
Pea plants.
What is a phenotype?
An observable trait or characteristic (e.g., flower color, seed shape).
What is the P generation?
The parent generation (purebred).
What is the F1 generation?
The first filial generation (offspring of P).
What is the F2 generation?
The second filial generation (self-crossed F1).
What tool predicts offspring genotypes and phenotypes?
Punnett Square.
In a Yy × Yy cross, what is the genotype ratio?
1 YY : 2 Yy : 1 yy.
In a Yy × Yy cross, what is the phenotype ratio?
3 yellow : 1 green.
How are dominant alleles written?
As capital letters (e.g., B, Y).
How are recessive alleles written?
As lowercase letters (e.g., b, y).
What is Mendel's First Law?
The Law of Segregation — alleles separate during meiosis, offspring inherit one from each parent.
What ratio does a monohybrid cross show?
3:1 dominant to recessive phenotype.
What ratio does a dihybrid cross show?
9:3:3:1 phenotype ratio.
What is Mendel's Second Law?
The Law of Independent Assortment — alleles of different genes assort independently.
What is Mendel's Third Law?
The Law of Dominance — dominant alleles mask recessive alleles (considered a principle, not a strict law).
What is the dominant seed shape in peas?
Smooth.
What is the recessive seed shape in peas?
Wrinkled.
What is the dominant seed color in peas?
Yellow.
What is the recessive seed color in peas?
Green.
What is the dominant pod shape in peas?
Inflated.
What is the recessive pod shape in peas?
Wrinkled.
What is the dominant pod color in peas?
Green.
What is the recessive pod color in peas?
Yellow.