Reconstruction Vocab Quiz

Wilson APUSH

Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan

• Wanted lenient treatment of confederate states

• 10% plan, Confederate states could establish new govts after 10% of their male population swore loyalty to the Union

Wade-Davis Bill

• A more stringent plan that treated the South as conquered foes

• Wanted to reconstruct South, 50% loyalty pledge

• Lincoln pocket vetoed this

Johnson’s plan

• Also favored lenient treatment like Lincoln, loosely based off of his 10% plan

• Allowed for southern policies to create conditions almost identical to slavery

• required presidential pardon for significant former confederate leaders

13th amendment

• Forever abolished chattel slavery in the US

• Strongly supported by Republicans (no duh)

• Ratified in 1865

14th amendment

• Everyone born in the US is automatically a citizen, including black Americans

• Passed by Senate in 1866, ratified in 1868

15th amendment

• Gave black people the right to vote

• Passed by Congress 1869, ratified in 1870

Black Codes

• State laws that severely limited the rights of black people to enforce segregation and limit the power of Black voters

• Especially restrictive/unjust when it came to labor, which ensured that Black people would remain a cheap labor force

Freedmen’s Bureau

• Helped displaced Southerners, especially formerly enslaved Black Americans to get back on their feet by providing food, shelter, medical services, education, land, etc…

• First established in 1865, and extended in 1866 by Trumbull

Trumbull’s Civil Rights Bill or Civil Rights Bill of 1866

• The act stated that all people born on American soil, with the exception of Native Americans, were to be considered American citizens

Congressional elections of 1866

• In the Senate, Republicans gained a huge majority

• In the HoR, Republicans retained a majority

• This would be hugely significant in Republican control over the reconstruction process through their majority in both parts of Congress

“Waving the bloody shirt”

• A pejorative (demeaning, insulting) phrase that reminded voters that Democrats/Southerners were responsible for the Civil War and Union casualties

Radical Republicans

• Republicans that wanted to totally reconstruct the South and treat it like a conquered foe, NOT with leniency and reintegration

Thaddeus Stevens

• Abolitionist that played a major role in black rights in Congress

• Helped with the passage of the 13th and 14th amendment in Congress

Charles Sumner

• “a fierce and uncompromising abolitionist champion.”

• Caned by Brooks when he spoke against the Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Statesman for MA in the Senate

• Sumner tunnel!

Reconstruction Act of 1867

• Outlined terms for readmission to representation of rebel states

  • Had to pass 13th and 14th amendment

  • New state constitution needed

• Divided South into 5 districts with military occupation of each

Tenure of Office Act

• Restricted the president’s power to fire people so that approval of the entire US Senate was required

Edwin Stanton

• Did important stuff as Lincoln’s secretary of war during the civil war

• Fired by Andrew Johnson (this led to his impeachment)

• Led the investigation for conspirators in lincoln’s assassination

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

• Stemmed from his firing of Edwin Stanton, which was a violation of the Tenure of Office Act

• Was impeached, avoided removal from office by 1, one, uno vote

Election of 1868

• Grant won against Democrat Horatio Seymour

• Grant got a lot of electoral college votes as a war hero and former general, but popular vote was even

• Significant because it was the first election in which African Americans could vote in reconstructed Southern states

President Grant

• 18th pres of US (succeeded Andrew Johnson)

• Former general and war hero

Carpetbaggers

• Derogatory term for a Northern Republican that had recently migrated to the South

Scalawags

• Derogatory term for a Southerner who joined northern Republicans during Reconstruction, often to gain power/wealth

• “betrayed” the South

Sharecropping & Crop Lien System

• the ____ ____ system is a way for farmers to borrow money with crops as collateral

KKK

• white supremacist terrorist group that emerged during Reconstruction

• Former Confederate General Nathan B. Forrest was its first “grand dragon”

KKK Act of 1871

• Introduced by Rep. Shellabarger (OH)

• This act aimed to curb the violence of the KKK And protect Black Americans and Reconstruction authorities/allies in the South

Redeemers

• Former slave owners who bitterly opposed the Republican program in the South

• Wanted to regain political power in govt and enforce White Supremacy

Whiskey Ring

• This scandal was exposed in 1875, and was when _____ distillers bribed U.S. Treasury officials to avoid paying taxes on _____

• contributed to national weariness of reconstruction

Credit Mobilier

• _____ _______ was a phony construction company meant to funnel money from the govt, and had been financed with fraudulent bonds

• Emblematic of post civil war corruption

Depression of 1873

• First great depression in the US and abroad

• Caused by a stock market crash in Europe, investors sold off American investments esp in railroads, led to economic downturn

• Helped bring reconstruction to a formal end as tensions from economic downturn called for government retrenchment

Civil Rights Act of 1875

• Guaranteed all citizens regardless of color, access to accommodations, theatres, public schools, churches, and cemeteries

• Declared Unconstitutional when Black citizens sued restaurants for refusing to serve Black citizens, and Supreme Court sided w/ the restaurants

• Proposed by Charles Sumner

Election of 1876

• Grant refused to run for third term, so Hayes chosen as Republican nominee

• Hayes vs Tilden, Tilden wins popular, but one electoral vote shy of victory so Hayes is president, this was very disputed by South

• South said fine, Republican Hayes president BUT you have to withdraw troops from South (Compromise of 1877)

Rutherford B. Hayes

• Oversaw the end of reconstruction when he withdrew troops after LA and SC pledged to respect black voting rights

• Tried to reconcile post civil war divisions

Samuel Tilden

• Democrat candidate that won the popular vote in Election of 1866, but lost electoral college vote (this was hotly contested)

• part of compromise of 1877

extra: Compromise of 1877

• As a result of the contested electoral victory of Hayes, the Republicans agreed to withdraw troops if southern states would recognize Hayes as president and recognize black voting rights