7TH REPORT
Studied by 0 people
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt Play1/39
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
40 Terms
What organisms are included in prokaryotes?
Bacteria and Archaea
Are prokaryotes unicellular or multicellular?
Unicellular
Do prokaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleus?
No
Where is the genetic material of prokaryotes located?
In the nucleoid region
How is the prokaryotic genome described in terms of structure and efficiency?
Compact and efficient
What are prokaryotic genomes adapted for?
Rapid growth and quick environmental response
What is the main chromosome structure in most prokaryotes?
A single circular double-stranded DNA molecule
Where is the prokaryotic chromosome located?
In the nucleoid region
Is the prokaryotic chromosome surrounded by a nuclear membrane?
No
How does the prokaryotic chromosome fit inside the small cell?
It is highly supercoiled
What is the approximate size of the chromosome of Escherichia coli?
About 4.6 million base pairs
What are plasmids?
Small circular double-stranded DNA molecules independent of chromosomal DNA
Are plasmids part of the main chromosome?
No
Can plasmids replicate on their own?
Yes, they are capable of self-replication
What is an operon?
A cluster of genes controlled by a single promoter and transcribed together
What type of mRNA is produced from an operon?
Polycistronic mRNA
What does polycistronic mRNA mean?
One mRNA molecule encoding multiple proteins
What is the coding density of prokaryotic genomes?
About 85–95%
Do prokaryotic genomes contain many non-coding sequences?
No, very few
Are introns common in bacteria?
No, introns are generally absent
What does high coding density indicate about prokaryotic DNA?
Most DNA codes directly for proteins or functional RNA
What are the key regulatory sequences in prokaryotes?
Promoters, operators, and terminators
What are the -10 and -35 regions associated with?
Bacterial promoters
What is the function of an operator?
Regulatory DNA sequence that controls gene transcription
What is the function of a terminator?
Signals the end of transcription
How is gene regulation in prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes?
Simpler and responds quickly to environmental changes
Do prokaryotes have histones like eukaryotes?
Generally no, except some Archaea
What are the main mechanisms of DNA packaging in prokaryotes?
Supercoiling and DNA-binding proteins
What are examples of DNA-binding proteins in bacteria?
HU and H-NS proteins
What are nucleoid-associated proteins?
Proteins that help compact and organize prokaryotic DNA
What is the typical genome size range in bacteria?
About 0.5 Mb to over 10 Mb
What type of bacteria tend to have smaller genomes?
Obligate parasites such as Mycoplasma
What type of bacteria tend to have larger genomes?
Free-living bacteria
How do Archaea compare to bacteria and eukaryotes in genome organization?
They share similarities with both
What is horizontal gene transfer?
The exchange of genetic material between prokaryotes
What are the three main mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer?
Transformation, transduction, and conjugation
What is transformation?
Uptake of naked DNA from the environment
What is transduction?
Bacteriophage-mediated DNA transfer
What is conjugation?
Plasmid-mediated DNA transfer between cells
Why is horizontal gene transfer important?
It contributes to genome evolution and the spread of antibiotic resistance
Note 
Flashcards (77)