America Expands Test Study Guide

land grants

railroads received about 20 million acres of this

Homestead Act

- very popular with farmers
- provided 160 acre land grants

"The Great American Desert"

contrary to what people might think, it was actually very fertile and covered with grass

Indian reservations

the land that was allotted to the Indians was usually poor/useless

Matthew Perry

- not welcome in Japan
- negotiated a treaty with them

Pan-American Congress of 1889

generally considered to be a failure

Christian missions

one positive result of imperialism

Sitting Bull

political leader of the sioux

Crazy Horse

military leader of the sioux

George Armstrong Custer

lost his life at the battle of little bighorn

(Chief) Joseph

called the Indian Napoleon

Maximilian I

puppet emperor of Mexico

Enrique Dupuy de Lome

wrote a letter in which he insulted president McKinley

George Dewey

defeated the Spanish Navy in the Philippines

Emilio Aguinaldo

Filipino revolutionary

Wounded Knee Massacre

bloody attack on Indians who had already surrendered

Dawes Act

parceled out Indian tribal lands

Treaty of Washington

settled longstanding differences between Great Britain and the United States

Treaty of Kanagawa

agreement that opened Japan to trade with the west

Pan-Americanism

movement which had the goal of achieving greater unity amongst the nations of the western hemisphere

Open Door Policy

free trade in China

Boxer Rebellion

- antiforeigner movement in China
- put down by an international military force

Battle of Manilla

American victory over Spanish fleet in the Pacific

Barbed Wire

enabled farmers to fence their land

Sioux Wars

last major effort by Indians to retain their lands

Imperialism

the extension of power by one people or country over another

Faith missions

mission boards that were not supported by funds from a single denomination

Yellow Journalism

sensationalized style of news reporting that was popular in the late 19th century U.S.

Spanish-American War

fought over the independence of Cuba

Immigrants working on the railroad

primarily from China and Ireland

Promontory Point, Utah

the junction where the transcontinental railroad was linked

Comstock Lode

-the ore was part silver and part gold
- produced 400 million dollars worth of ore by 1900 and a town of about 30,000 people sprang up near the mine

Result of the end of the open-range cattle industry

came about due to the fencing of farms, over grazing of cattle, and the expansion of the railroads

Oklahoma

settled by land rushes

Wheat

main crop of the Great Plains

Buffalo Hunting

key to the culture of the Plains Indians

American goals in the Indian Wars

move Indians to reservations

"A Century of Dishonor"

written about the Indian's plight

American Foreign Affairs in the 19th century

defending the western hemisphere from European interference, extending U.S. territory, creating new trade opportunities

Purchase of Alaska

from Russia in 1867

Annexation of Hawaii

Hawaii was annexed by the U.S. in 1898

Student Volunteer Movement

focused on the recruitment of missionaries

Rough Riders

volunteer unit during the Spanish American War

Territories acquired by the U.S. after the Spanish American War

Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico

How did Homestead farmers adapt to their arid growing conditions?

- Farmers adopted dry farming (pack sod and moisture absorbing things and put them around crops so they could grow)
- If they could not irrigate, they would use water pumps connected to windmills to draw water out of the ground

How did the Indian Victory at Little Bighorn actually work to the advantage of the U.S. Army?

- Indians thought the war was over after this battle, disbanded their armies, and went home while the American army ordered more reinforcement and supplies
- American army was in a much better position to continue fighting