Warmup 11/6-11-/10

What is the bodys first like of defense against pathogens?

What is the bodys first like of defense against pathogens?

Skin and Mucus Membranes

Where is the spleen located?

Found along the left side of the abdominal cavity

Describe Macrophages.

Considered “Big Eaters”, Engulf Foreign Particles, Secrete Monokines, Act as antigen presenters.

What determines if an individuals immune system has the ability to recognize and resist specific foreign substances?

The total number of lymphocytes present at a given time

What are the four most common indicators of the inflammatory response?

Redness, heat, swelling,pain

What specific type of immunity does a fetus obtain from maternal antibodies that cross the placenta?

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Describe the circulation of the lymphatic system.

Lymph flows in one direction, from the system towards the heart

What mechanism aid the return of lymph to the heart?

•Smooth muscle contractions within the lymphatic vessels

•Milking action of skeletal muscles

•Presence of valves within larger lymph vessels

•Pressure changes within the thorax

Where do B cells develop immunocompetence?

Bone Marrow

Describe the beginning of the inflammatory process.

Chemicals are released that- •Attract phagocytes to the area •Cause Capillaries to become leaky •Activate pain receptors •Dilate Blood Vessels

Describe the basic structure of an antibody

•Consist of 4 amino acid chains •Heavy chains are about 400 amino acids long •Linked together by disulfide bonds

What is used to treat snake bites?

Antivenin (immune sera)

How does lymph from the left arm return to the heart?

It flows through the thoracic duct

Which is NOT a lymphoid organ?

Pancreas

Describe lymph nodes

•Act as checkpoints along the lymphatic vessel

•Remove foreign materials from lymph fluid

•Contain lymphocytes

•Contain macrophages

What is essential for the activation and clonal selection of T cells?

Antigen presentation

What type of substances are typically perceived as an antigen?

Pollen Grains, Virus Particles, Fungi, Bacteria

What is diapedesis?

The process by which neutrophils are squeezed through the capillary walls during the inflammatory process

What are the different classes of antibodies?

•IgA

•IgD

•IgE

•IgG

•IgM

What is the lymphatic function of the thymus?

The thymus programs T cell

What is lymph?

The fluid that is forced out of the capillary beds by hydrostatic and osmotic pressures and into the tissue spaces

Describe the different methods antibodies use to inactivate antigens.

Precipitation, Agglutination, Neutralization, Complement fixation

What is used to prevent tuberculosis?

NOT immune sera, a vaccine instead

Describe what effects a fever has on the body?

•Increasing metabolic rate of tissue cells

•Denaturing (scrambling) proteins

•Stimulating the liver and spleen to gather up iron and zinc

•Speeding up repair processes