US HIST 20TH

Great Compromise (1787)

a compromise where both large and small states would be fairly represented by creating two houses of Congress

How many members are in the Senate?

100 members

How many members are in the House of Representatives?

435 members

How many houses are in Congress?

Two
Senate & House of Representatives

Who has the highest number of representatives?

California has the highest number of representatives with 53

Who has the second highest number of representatives?

Texas is the second highest with several 36 representatives

Who does Thomas Jefferson send to France in 1803? Why did he send him?

Jefferson sent James Monroe in 1803 to France to join Robert R. Livingston in an attempt to buy the port of New Orleans

How much did the Louisiana Purchase cost?

$15 million

Who was known as the "Father of the Constitution"?

James Madison

Who was known as the "The Dark Horse President?"

James. K Polk

What did James. K Polk do?

Added/doubled more territory to the US than any other president

What was the Adams-Onis Treaty?

1819 treaty in which Spain ceded Florida to the United States

What was the Tea Act?

A law requiring colonist to purchase and pay taxes on tea from The East India Company.

What was the Sugar Act?

tax on sugar and molasses

What was the Townshend Act?

Tax on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea (imported goods)

Who are the founding fathers?

John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and George Washington.

American Revolution

the revolution of the American colonies against Great Britain

Articles of Confederation

A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War.

Why was the Articles of Confederation weak?

No taxing, No president
No army, No national court system, No power to regulate trade, No power to enforce its laws

Where and when was the Constitutional Convention held?

Philadelphia 1787

Why did they meet? (Constitutional Convention)

To revise the Articles of Confederation

Anti-Federalists

They opposed the Constitution's powerful centralized government, arguing that the Constitution gave too much political, economic, and military control.

Charles Beard's thesis

wrote that Constitution was written to protect the economic interests of its writers and benefit wealthy financial speculators.

Daniel Shay's Rebellion

Massachusetts farmers protested taxes passed after the American Revolution; proved that the Articles of Confederation was weak and needs to be replaced.

Legislative Branch

Makes laws

Executive

Enforces laws

Judicial

Interprets the laws

Thurgood Marshall

First African American Supreme Court Justice

Checks and Balances

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

Who was Andrew Jackson?

7th president of the US, Before being elected to the presidency, Jackson gained fame as a general in the United States Army and served in both houses of the U.S. Congress. First to be elected in the west (Tennesse)

Mainfest Destiny

that Americans felt that the U.S. was destined to dominate the entire North American continent.

13 colonies

Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Virginia.

May Flower Compact

the first governing document of Plymouth Colony

Great Awakening

a religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s

Northwest Ordinance

Law that described how the Northwest Territory was to be governed

Agent Orange

A chemical weedkiller used to clear jungle growth in the Vietnam War

Virginia Dynasty

Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe. All presidents from Virginia.

High Tariffs

these discourage trade between nations because it increases the cost of imports, raised consumer prices

Low Tariffs

allows for greater amount of trade between countries, but often at the expense of the domestic traders. The consumers are happy to have access to many goods at low prices.

Andrew Jackson

(1829-1833) and (1833-1837), Indian removal act, nullification crisis, Old Hickory," first southern/ western president," President for the common man," pet banks, spoils system, specie circular, trail of tears, Henry Clay Flectural Process.

John C. Calhoun

South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification

House of Representatives

the lower legislative house of the United States Congress

Senate

A council of representatives

Election of 1824 (Corrupt Bargain)

No one won a majority of electoral votes, so the House of Representatives had to decide among Adams, Jackson, and Clay. Clay dropped out and urged his supporters in the House to throw their votes behind Adams. Jackson and his followers were furious and accused Adams and Clay of a "corrupt bargain."

Election of 1828

Jackson defeats John Quincy Adams in this election, becoming our 7th President

James Monroe

5th President

Henry Clay

United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states

Thomas Hooker

A Puritan minister who led about 100 settlers out of Massachusetts Bay to Connecticut because he believed that the governor and other officials had too much power. He wanted to set up a colony in Connecticut with strict limits on government.

Willam Penn

young englishman, quaker who founded pennsylvania as a haven for fellow quakers. welcomed everyone to land, was nice to indians

Bread Colonies

Produced massive amounts of grain. Included New York, New Jersey, New England, and Pennsylvania. A nickname for the middle colonies because their main export was grain.

Roger Sherman

He helped draft the Great Compromise that determined how states would be represented in Congress

Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations)

In 1828, during President John Quincy Adams' term, Congress created a new tariff law which pleased northern manufacturers, but alienated southern planters. (p. 194)

Secede

withdraw formally from membership in a federal union, an alliance, or a political or religious organization.