Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization 1750-1900

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Economic Imperialism

A situation in which one country has significant economic power over another country.

Nationalism

A strong identification with and pride in one's nation, often leading to the desire for national independence.

Cultural Imperialism

The practice of promoting the culture or language of one nation in another, often leading to a form of dominance.

Social Darwinism

A theory that applies the concept of 'survival of the fittest' to human societies, suggesting that stronger nations have the right to conquer and dominate weaker nations.

Berlin Conference (1884)

A meeting where European powers divided African territories among themselves without considering indigenous cultures or boundaries.

Spheres of Influence

Regions where one nation has exclusive rights to trade or investment.

Sepoy Rebellion

An 1857 uprising against the British East India Company by Indian soldiers (sepoys) due to cultural insensitivity and military practices.

Opium Wars

Conflicts between China and Britain in the mid-19th century over trade imbalances and opium trade.

White Man's Burden

The idea that it was the responsibility of white Europeans to civilize and uplift other races, often used to justify imperialism.

Cash Crops

Crops that are grown not for personal consumption but for sale in distant markets.

Trail of Tears

The forced relocation and movement of Native American nations from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern U.S. to designated 'Indian Territory' west of the Mississippi River.

Ghost Dance

A spiritual movement among Native Americans seeking to recover their lost heritage and resist oppression.

Mahdist Revolt

An uprising in the Sudan led by Muhammad Ahmad in the 1880s against British colonial rule.

Manifest Destiny

The 19th-century doctrine that the expansion of the United States throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

Penal Colony

A settlement established for the purpose of punishing people by forcing them to live and work in an isolated location, such as Australia initially.

Indentured Servitude

A labor system where individuals worked for a specified number of years in exchange for passage to a new country.

Cecilia Rhodes

A British businessman and politician instrumental in the expansion of the British Empire in Africa, notably South Africa.

Indigenous Nationalism

The resurgence of national identity among indigenous populations in response to colonial pressures.

Cash Crop Farming

The agricultural practice focused on producing crops for sale rather than for personal use.

Scramble for Africa

The rapid invasion and colonization of Africa by European powers in the late 19th century.

Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement

A movement among the Xhosa people of South Africa where they killed cattle, believing this would restore their land and drive away colonial powers.