unit 10-11

openness

• open to new experiences

• curious, exploratory, imaginative, creative, adventurous

conscientiousness

• responsible, determined, detailed, methodical, self-disciplined, organized

extroversion

• socially adaptable, socially aware, energized by others, seek attention form others, self confident, assertive

agreeableness

• how well you get along with others, likability, cooperative, friendliness, emotional warmth, empathetic

Neuroticism

• anxious, moody, stressed out, worrisome, nervous

The TAT

people describe what is happening in ambiguous pictures

ID

pleasure principe

• seeks pleasure

• don’t care for rules

• innate desires

• immediate wants

• no morals

ego

reality principle

• tries to balance both superego and ID

• keeps desires realistic and under control

• still getting what they want w/o hurting someone

• balance

superego

moral conscious

• represents social norms and values

• morally follows rules

• ideal (rules, laws, norms)

• feels proud guilt

repression

to push into the unconscious mind, bury painful thoughts/ memories

regression

to revert back to childlike behavior’s

denial

to not admit the real problem

intellectualization (emotional)

to completely turn off one’s emotions

rationalization

attempting to justify or make up excuses

reaction formation (hypocrite)

feeling expressed as the opposite of ones true feelings

projection

a persons real feelings or behaviors are projected to another person

sublimation

express unacceptable impulses (thoughts/ desires) in acceptable ways

displacement

taking anger out in the wrong source/ redirecting anger at a safer source

humanistic theories

humanist believing that people are basically good, self actualization after basic needs

social cognitive theories

modeling —> learning something by watching others (environments)

reciprocal determinism

the way personality interacts with the environment

albert bandits and self efficiency

how competent you feel confident in your abilities

alfred binet

the idea of mental age identify children who needed extra help to do well in school

Lewis Terman

formula: mental age/ chronological age x 100 = ?

david weschsler

created test and scale to evaluate intelligence for different age groups

• WAIS - adult scale

• WISC - children scale

• WPPSI - preschool, primary scale

charles spearman

G factor intelligence (one single general factor of intelligence)

robert sternberg

triachic intelligence : analytic, partial, creative intelligence

howard gardner

people show intelligence through different abilities and strength (strength and weakness)

daniel goldman

emotional intelligence is an important factor in life long success (emotional awareness, manage emotions/ empathy)

the flynn effect

increased in IQ scores of each generation have steadily increase in modern times

fluid intelligence

problem solving intelligence

crystallized intelligence

knowledge gained over time

multiple intelligences

• visual/spatial

• body/kinesthetic

• music/rhythmic

• verbal/linguistic

• logical/mathematical

• intrapersonal

• interpersonal

• naturalistic

• existential

self fulfilling prophecy

a prediction that causes itself to come true due to the belief in the prediction because it ends up influencing behaviors

the pygmalion effect

the expectations of others can influence a persons perception of themselves and their performance

stereotype threat

when a person feels threatened that they may exhibit the stereotypes about a group they belong to and therefore caused anxiety

achievement test

measured what you have learned or accomplished

speed test

how fast a person can solve problems

power test

measure difficulty level of problems a person can solve (increase difficulties as you get one right)

standardized tests

a test is first given to a similar population of people establish achievement norms (standardized sample)

reliability

consistency of results

validity

measures what it’s supposed to measure

split-half reliability

measures the consistency of a test by splitting in half and compared results (high correlation = good reliability)

test re-test reliability

taking the same tests again to see improvement or consistency over time

content validity (range)

the degree to which an assessment accurately measured what it is supposed to be tested (units)

face validity (first glance)

how much a test appears to measure what it claims, based on a casual judgement