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What is water used for?
Domestic Purposes - drinking, washing, cleaning
Agriculture - irrigation, for animals to drink
Industry - manufacturing, mining
Hydroelectric power generation
Transportation - on lakes and rivers
Marking the boundaries between nations (rivers/lakes)
Surface freshwater
rivers, streams, reservoirs, lakes
Underground Aquifer
A layer of porous rock sandwiched between two layers of impermeable rock. They have a slow water flow. Fossil aquifers are impossible to be used sustainably
What’s the problem?
97% of all the water on Earth is saline
Most living organisms cannot use salt water
Desalination is expensive, fossil fuel dependent and produces salt as a waste product
Water Security
Capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate quantities of acceptable quality water for sustaining livelihoods, human well-being and socio-economic development, for ensuring protection against water-borne pollution and water related disasters, and for preserving ecosystems in a climate of peace and political stability.
Portable Water
Water that is free from impurities, pollution and bacteria, and is thus safe to drink.
Water stress
When there are shortages of water supplies, so they’re drying up or we’re exploiting them
Water scarcity
A lack of water due to two reasons - Economic and Physical
Physical Water Scarcity
Shortage occur when demand exceeds supply
Economic Water Scarcity
When a population does not have the necessary monetary means to access an adequate source of water.
Water Pollution
Contamination of a source of water making it unsuitable for use
Water Supply
The provision of water by public utilities, commercial organizations or community endeavors.
Desalination
Conversion of salt water into fresh water by the extraction of dissolved solids.
Cloud Seeding
Any technique of adding material to a cloud to alter its natural development, usually to increase or obtain precipitation.
Note 
Flashcard (22)