Duodenum and stomach MCQ

A patient has ischemia affecting the foregut structures.

Which artery is primarily responsible for supplying these organs?
A. Inferior mesenteric artery
B. Superior mesenteric artery
C. Celiac trunk
D. Renal artery

C. Celiac trunk

A hiatal hernia occurs through the esophageal hiatus.

At which vertebral level does this occur?
A. T8
B. T10
C. T12
D. L1

B. T10

What is the arterial supply of the oesophagus

oesophageal branches from left gastric artery

A patient with reflux disease has dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Which statement is correct?
A. It is a true anatomical sphincter
B. It is a functional sphincter
C. It is composed of skeletal muscle
D. It is located at L1

B. It is a functional sphincter

During imaging, a gas bubble is seen in the superior part of the stomach.

Which region is this?
A. Cardia
B. Body
C. Fundus
D. Pylorus

C. Fundus

A radiologist identifies a groove along the lesser curvature during swallowing.

What is this structure?
A. Gastric rugae
B. Pyloric canal
C. Gastric canal
D. Cardiac notch

C. Gastric canal

A patient has delayed gastric emptying due to dysfunction of the pylorus.

What is the main function of this region?
A. Acid secretion
B. Absorption
C. Regulating outflow of chyme
D. Bile storage

C. Regulating outflow of chyme

Which artery is a branch of the splenic artery supplying the greater curvature?
A. Right gastric artery
B. Left gastro-omental artery
C. Right gastro-omental artery
D. Supraduodenal artery

B. Left gastro-omental artery

Which arteries primarily supply the fundus of the stomach?
A. Right gastric arteries
B. Short gastric arteries
C. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
D. Hepatic arteries

B. Short gastric arteries

Which vein drains directly into the portal vein?
A. Left gastro-omental vein
B. Right gastro-omental vein
C. Left gastric vein
D. Splenic vein

C. Left gastric vein

Parasympathetic innervation of the stomach is provided by:
A. Phrenic nerve
B. Vagus nerve
C. Greater splanchnic nerve
D. Hypogastric plexus

B. Vagus nerve

The second part of the duodenum is closely related to which structure?
A. Spleen
B. Head of pancreas
C. Left kidney
D. Sigmoid colon

B. Head of pancreas

The major duodenal papilla is the site of entry for:
A. Bile only
B. Pancreatic juice only
C. Both bile and pancreatic juice
D. Gastric acid

C. Both bile and pancreatic juice

What enters the duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla?
A. Common bile duct
B. Main pancreatic duct
C. Accessory pancreatic duct
D. Hepatic duct

C. Accessory pancreatic duct

The third part of the duodenum is compressed between which structures?
A. Liver and stomach
B. SMA and aorta
C. Pancreas and spleen
D. Kidney and ureter

B. SMA and aorta

The ligament of Treitz marks:
A. Start of the stomach
B. Junction of duodenum and jejunum
C. Entry of bile duct
D. End of ileum

B. Junction of duodenum and jejunum

A patient presents with melena (black tarry stool).

Where is the bleed most likely located?
A. Distal to ligament of Treitz
B. Proximal to ligament of Treitz
C. In the colon
D. In the rectum

B. Proximal to ligament of Treitz

Which arteries supply the duodenum?
A. Only celiac trunk
B. Only superior mesenteric artery
C. Both celiac trunk and SMA
D. Inferior mesenteric artery

C. Both celiac trunk and SMA

Which artery supplies the duodenum distal to the major papilla?
A. Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
B. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
C. Left gastric artery
D. Short gastric arteries

B. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

Which vein drains into the splenic vein?
A. Right gastric vein
B. Left gastric vein
C. Left gastro-omental vein
D. Prepyloric vein

C. Left gastro-omental vein

The prepyloric vein drains into:
A. Splenic vein
B. Superior mesenteric vein
C. Right gastric vein
D. Portal vein directly

C. Right gastric vein

Sympathetic innervation to the stomach arises from:
A. T1–T4
B. T5–T9
C. T10–L1
D. S2–S4

B. T5–T9

Parasympathetic stimulation of the stomach primarily results in:
A. Decreased motility
B. Increased secretion and motility
C. Vasoconstriction
D. Inhibition of digestion

B. Increased secretion and motility

Which structure lies anterior to the third part of the duodenum?
A. Inferior vena cava
B. Abdominal aorta
C. Superior mesenteric artery
D. Right kidney

C. Superior mesenteric artery

The second part of the duodenum lies:
A. Left of midline
B. At L5
C. Anterior to left kidney
D. Right of midline

D. Right of midline

Which structure empties into the major duodenal papilla?
A. Accessory pancreatic duct only
B. Common bile duct only
C. Main pancreatic duct only
D. Common bile duct + main pancreatic duct

D. Common bile duct + main pancreatic duct

The minor duodenal papilla is located:
A. Inferior to major papilla
B. 2 cm superior to major papilla
C. In the jejunum
D. In the pylorus

B. 2 cm superior to major papilla

A patient has coffee-ground vomiting.

Where is the bleed?
A. Lower GI tract
B. Distal duodenum
C. Proximal to ligament of Treitz
D. Colon

C. Proximal to ligament of Treitz

The ligament of Treitz connects the duodenum to:
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Diaphragm
D. Kidney

C. Diaphragm

A patient has compression of the third part of the duodenum leading to obstruction.

Which structure is most likely responsible?
A. Portal vein
B. Superior mesenteric artery
C. Hepatic artery
D. Splenic artery

B. Superior mesenteric artery

Which artery runs along the superior border of the pancreas?
A. Left gastric artery
B. Splenic artery
C. Right gastric artery
D. SMA

B. Splenic artery