Biomedical Terminology: Unit 3: Chapter 14

Lymphatic System

Transports proteins and fluid that has leaked back into the bloodstream, absorbs lipids from intestines, and protects body from foreign cells

Lymph

Clear watery fluid that surrounds body cells and flows in a system of lymph vessels

Axill/o

Armpit (root)

Cervic/o

neck, cervix (root)

immun/o

Immune, protection, safe (root)

inguin/o

groin (root)

Lymph/o

lymph (root)

lymphaden/o

Lymph gland node (root)

-cytosis

condition of cells, slight increase in numbers (suffix)

-edema

swelling (suffix)

-globulin

protein (suffix)

-megaly

enlargement (suffix)

-oid

resembling (suffix)

-pathy

disease, emotion (suffix)

Macrophages

"Eat/swallow” foreign substances

B cells

White blood cells that produce antibodies called immunoglobulins (ig) and mature in the bone marrow

T cells

White blood cells that attack bacteria and foreign cells; originate in the thymus gland

-penia

deficiency (suffix)

-phylaxis

protection (suffix)

-poiesis

formation (suffix)

Spleen

Destroys old blood cells, filters the blood, activates lymphocytes during blood filtration, and stores blood

-stitial

to set up; pertaining to standing or positioned (suffix)

-supression

to stop (suffix)

ana-

up, apart, backward, again, anew (prefix)

Thymus Gland

Provides immunity in fetal life, makes cells immunocompetent in early life, and helps make antibodies and produce cells to fight antigens. (If damaged, people may get autoimmune diseases)

auto-

self, own (prefix)

inter-

between (prefix)

retro-

behind, back, backward (prefix)

Neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages

Types of leukocytes (3)

Natural Immunity

Immunity that is inherited and that is born with; non-specific response, no built up memory, immediate, etc.

Adaptive Immunity

Learned immunity because the immune system is able to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them. (Memory cells are created); two types: Humoral and cell mediated immunity

Active Immunity

Having an infection, vaccination, transfer of immune cells feom a donor.

Passive Immunity

Antitoxins, immunoglobulins, Maternal antibodies (already made)

Antibody

Protein produced by B cells to destory antigens

Antigen

Substance that the body recognizes as foreign and evokes an immune response

B Cell

Lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell that creates/secretes antibodies

Cell-mediated Immunity

T cells that respond to antigens and destroy them; Intra-cellular T cells

Complement system

Proteins in the blood that help antibodies and kill their target

Cytokines

Proteins secreted by cytotoxic T cells to aid in antigen destruction

Cytotoxic T Cell

Lymphocyte that directly kills antigens

Dendritic Cell

macrophages that recognize and digest antigens; they present the antigens on the surface to stimulate and show T and B cells what to attack;

Helper T Cells

Promote antibody synthesis by B cells and stimulate other T cells

Humoral Immunity

B Cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens (type of adaptive immunity)

Monoclonal Antibodies

Lab produced proteins that mimic the body’s natural antibodies; designed to recognize and bind to specific targets, abd work by attaching to the target antigen, which triggers the immune system to respond and attack; type of passive immunity and B cells

Interferons

Proteins secreted by t cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response

interleukins

Proteins that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes

Interstitial fluid

Fluid in the spaces between cells

AIDS

Destroys helper T cells

Mediastinal Nodes

Lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic cavity

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Inhibit viral enzyme called reverse transcriptase

Protease Inhibitors

Inhibit proteolytic enzyme (enzymes that break down proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids)

Allergy

Abnormal sensitivity acquired by exposure to antigen

plasma cell

Lymphocyte that secretes antibodies and matures from B lymphocytes

Lymphoma

Malignant Tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue (Ex: Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma)

Multiple Myeloma

Malignant tumor of bone marrow cells; plasma cells become abnormal and multiply rapidly, crowding out healthy blood cells in the bone marrow.

Thymoma

Malignant tumor of the thymus

Kaposi Sarcoma

Malignant condition associated with AIDS