Senses & Relfexes (pre lecture vids)

what do light rays do to the eye

enter the eye

what gets light ways to turn into electrical signals

phototransduction

where is visual cortex located

occipital lobe

how many major layers of the eye are there

3

what is the outer layer of the eye

sclera

whats the middle layer of eye

choroid

what is inner layer of eye

retina

another way to desribe the sclera is

white part of eye

function of sclera

support and protect other parts of eye

what does muscle of eye do

moves the eye

what is the cornea

clear covering at front of eye

what is the function of cornea

protect iris and lens

what are parts of the choroid

iris, pupil, lens, zonular fibers and ciliary body, blood vessels

what is the iris

colored part of eye

what is iris composed of

smooth m (radial/circular)

what is function of iris

controls size of pupil

what is the pupil

black part of eye

function of pupil

allows light to enter eye and go through lens

what is the lens fucntion

refract (bends) light onto retina

function of zonular fibers and ciliary body

changes shape of lens via accomodation

blood vessels function

supply layers with nutrients, gases, and removes waste

what is retina composed of

rods and cones

retina function

phototransduction

optic N function

transmit electrical signals to brain

optic disk sometimes known as

blind spot

optic disk function

place where optic N pierces retina so no rods or cones located there

what is fovea(centralis)

place on retina with greatest number of cones

function of fovea centralis

greatest visual acuity

what are the 2 major layers of retina

retinal pigmented epithelium and neural layer

where is vitamin A typically stored

retinal pigmented epithelium

outermost layer is composed of what and makes up what

rods and cones, photoreceptors

middle layer is what and can generate what

bipolar cells, generate IPSP, EPSP

inner layer is what and generates what

ganglion cells, generates AP

what layer does light reach first when it reaches the retins

inner layer of neural layer

what nerve does hearing go from to get to temporal lobe

vestibulocochlear n

what is auricle known as

pinna

function of auricle (pinna)

collect sound waves

what is auditory meatus

(E.A.M.) opening to ear canal

what does tympanic membrane do

convert sound waves into physical vibrations

ear ossicles do what

amplifies physical vibrations/ sound waves

oval window is what

entrance to cochlea

vestibulocochlear nerve is what nerve

nerve to brain

cochlea does what

turns sound waves/ physical vibration into electrical signals

eustachian tube does what

regulates pressure within middle ear

round window is what

exit of cochlea

external ear is made up of what

pinna, E.A.M, canal

middle ear made up of what

T.M., ossicles

inner ear is made up of what

cochlea, nerve

all things inner ear is composed of

cochlea, saccule, utricle, semicircular canals

what is cochlea involved in

hearing

vestibular apparatus involved in

equilibrium

what makes up the vestibular apparatus

saccule, utricle, canals

what are the 2 major components of sound waves

frequency and amplitude

frequency is

number of peaks

amplitude is

height

reason for different pitches

different frquencies but same loudnes bc same amplitude

reason for same pitch

same frequency, dif loudness bc amplitude difference

higher pitch =

increased frequency

louder sound=

higher amplitude

normal conversation is around how many decibels?

60db

what sits it helicotrema

SV and ST fluids that mix

what is the helicotrema

apex/ tip of cochlea

cochlea looks like what

coiled snail shell

what is scala vestibul

fluid (perilymph)

what is scala media (cochlear duct)

separated from SV by vestibular membrane fluid

endolymph is what

vestibular membrane fluid

what is endolymph rich in

K

what does endolymph do

houses Organ of corti

what type of receptor is organ of corti

hearing

what is scala tympani separated from

SM by basilar membrane

what does organ of corti consists of

hair cels, tectorial membrane, nerve fibers

what type of receptors are hair cells

sound

tallest hair

kinicillium

where is stereocilia embedded

tectorial membrane

where are hair cells located and what do they do

on top of basilar membrane and transduces sound waves into electrical signals

tectorial membrane is

membrane covering top of organ of corti

nerve fibers are

cochlea nerve fibers

what do sound waves enter

external auditory meatus

what does external auditory meatus strike

tympanic membrane

what does tympanic membrane being striked cause

malleus, incus, and stapes to vibrate

when oval window vibrtes what happens to fluid in inner ear

it moves causing the membranes of organ of corti to deflect

when organ of corti deflects what happens

stereocilia bends