Early Elizabethan England - Topic 2 (Challenges at Home and Abroad)

Define ambassador

An official from a foreign country

Define armada

Spanish word meaning a group of worships

Define bullion

Bars of silver and gold

Define clergy

People who work for the church such as priests

Define customs duties

Tax paid to the government on goods coming into the country

Define decipher

To break a code

Define excommunicate

To force someone to leave the Catholic church

Define fireships

A tactic used by Drake to send old ships that had been set on fire to destroy enemy ships

Define galleon

Large sailing ships with several decks, largely used by the Spanish

Define Gloriana

Name given to Elizabeth because she was so glorious and godlike

Define Governor General

Ruler of the Netherlands

Define Jesuit

Extreme missionary Catholic priest sent to convert people to the Catholic religion

Define Lord High Admiral

Appointed by the monarch to take control of the navy

Define martyr

A person killed for their religious beliefs

Define new world

Name given to North and South America during the time of early colonisation

Define papal

Given by the Pope

Define plot

An attempt to rebel or overthrow a leader

Define privateer

Old fashioned name for a pirate

Define piracy

The act of attacking and robbing ships

Define recusant

Someone who refuses to follow the established Church of England

Define Vatican

Palace and dwelling place of the Pope

When was the Ridolfi plot?

November 1571

When was the Throckmorton plot?

1583

When was the Babington plot?

1586

When was the revolt of the Northern Earls?

1569

Who planned to marry Mary QoS in 1569?

Duke of Norfolk

Who was the Duke of Norfolk?

A leading Catholic noble

Who were the three crucial northern earls?

Duke of Norfolk, Duke of Northumberland, Duke of Westmoreland

What did the Northern Earls want?

To restore Catholicism, for there to be more Catholic power in court, for Mary QoS to be Queen

Why did the result of the Northern Earls fail (support from abroad)?

They expected help from Spain and the Pope but didn't get it

Why did the result of the Northern Earls fail (support from home)?

Not many Catholics supported them, Elizabeth had a force of around 10 000

When was the Duke of Northumberland executed?

1572

Who lead the Catholic plot in 1571?

Roberto Ridolfi

Who lead the Catholic plot in 1583?

Francis Throckmorton

Who lead the Catholic plot in 1586?

Anthony Babington

What role did Marys QoS have in the Ridolfi plot?

She used Ridolfi to send letters to the Pope, Phillip 2 and the Duke of Alva

What was the aim of the Ridolfi plot?

To assassinate Elizabeth, place Mary on the throne married to the Duke of Norfolk, and restore Catholicism

How was the Ridolfi plot discovered?

Walsingham and Cecil discovered by Norfolk's servants betraying him to them

What was the main consequence of the Ridolfi plot?

Duke of Norfolk executed in 1572

What was the aim of the Throckmorton plot?

France to invade alongside Catholic uprise in the North to overthrow Elizabeth

What did Throckmorton do in the plot?

Carried letters from Mary QoS to the Spanish and French ambassadors including the French Duke of Guise

Who supported the Throckmorton plot financially?

Philip 2

How was the Throckmorton Plot discovered?

Walsingham and his spies spied on Throckmorton and found evidence in his house

What were the main consequences of the Throckmorton Plot?

Throckmorton executed, Spanish ambassador expelled, new laws against Catholics introduced

What was the aim of the Babington Plot?

Kill Elizabeth, free Mary QoS, and restore Catholicism

What did Babington do in the plot?

He wrote to Mary with a 6-step plan to overthrow Elizabeth

How was the Babington plot discovered?

Walsingham placed spies and double agents in Mary's house to intercept letters

What were the consequences of the Babington plot?

Mary QoS placed on trial and executed, Babington and conspirators executed

When was Mary QoS executed?

February 1587

What was Francis Walsingham known as?

Spymaster

When was the Bond of Association?

1584

What was the Bond of Association (1584)?

Said that if Elizabeth's life was in threat from Catholic plotters, Mary was to be executed

What two laws against Catholics were introduced in 1581?

Illegal to shelter priests and illegal to convert others to Catholicism

What law against Catholics was introduced in 1585?

Sheltering a priest became a capital offense

Who planned to marry Mary QoS during the Revolt of the Northern Earls and the Ridolfi plot?

Duke of Norfolk

Why was there existing tension between Spain and England before the armada?

Elizabeth had rejected Phillip, Spanish ambassadors had been involved in the plots

What were the underlying causes of war between England and Spain?

Commercial rivalry, religious rivalry, and political rivalry

When did the Protestants in the Netherlands rebel against Spanish rule?

1572

Who was the Earl of Leicester?

Robert Dudley

When did Drake circumnavigate the world?

1577-1580

Who was the leader of the Dutch rebels?

William of Orange

When was William of Orange killed?

1584

When was the Treaty of Nonsuch signed?

1585

What and when was the Treaty of Joinville?

Made France and Spain Catholic allies in 1584

When was the Pacification of Ghent?

1576

What was the Treaty of Nonsuch?

Elizabeth agreed to send 7000 troops to help the Netherlands fight against Spain

When was the treaty of Nonsuch?

1585