Meiosis and Genetic Variability

Flashcards covering key concepts related to meiosis and genetic variability, including definitions of terms involved in the processes of cell division and reproduction.

Chromosome Reduction

An event during meiosis where the original number of chromosomes decreases by half.

Crossing over

The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, resulting in new allelic combinations in the daughter cells.

Diploid

A cell, individual, or species whose genetic information consists of two homologous sets of chromosomes.

Fertilization

The process by which the gametes of two parents unite to form a zygote with a full set of chromosomes.

Gamete

A specialized haploid sex cell, such as a sperm or egg cell, with half the standard number of chromosomes.

Genetic diversity

The difference in DNA sequences and genes between individuals due to events such as crossing over and mutations.

Haploid

A cell, individual, or species whose genetic information consists of only one set of chromosomes.

Homologous chromosomes

Chromosomes that are similar in structure and function but differ in specific genetic instructions such as alleles.

Independent assortment

The process in which homologous chromosomes sort themselves randomly when lining up during metaphase I of meiosis, contributing to genetic variation.

Meiosis

The specialized form of cell division that produces four haploid gametes from one diploid parent cell.

Sexual Reproduction

A form of reproduction in which genetic information in the gametes of two parents is combined to produce genetically unique offspring.

Zygote

A diploid cell that forms when an egg and sperm join during fertilization.