QA Final Review

What does DEXA stand for?

Dual energy Absorptiometry

TRUE OR FALSE CR plate could be fogged but a DR detector CANNOT

True

What is half value layer

halfing the intensity of the beam to its original intensity

What is the tolerance for collimation?

±2% of the Source-to-Image Distance (SID

Measurement of spatial resolution; half the sampling frequency/ pixels per mm:

A) MTF
B) Nyquist frequency
C) ELT
D) DQE

B) Nyquist frequency

What is the unit of spatial resolution?

line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm)

In DR the dels determine the sampling frequency and therefore the spatial resolution true or false

True

in signal to noise the signal refers to exposure to the image receptor true or false

True

A digital radiograph has a pixel bit depth of 8, which means it can display how many shades of gray?

256 ( 2 to the power of 8 [whatever the pixel depth is]

If the bit depth of a magnetic resonance imaging scanner is 12 bits, how many shades of gray can be present in the image?

A) 1024
B) 2048
C) 4096
D) 8192

C) 4096

__________ is the process of assigning a value to a dead pixel based on the recorded values of adjacent pixels.

A) Interpretation
B) Interpolation
C) Interstate
D) Flat-fielding

B) Interpolation

What is a test of the efficiency for contrast resolution, showing how well a machine can detect differences in body parts that absorb X-rays very similarly?

A) Modulation Transfer Function (MTF)
B) Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE)
C) Spatial resolution test
D) Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)

B) Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE)

What is the breast imaging technology called that uses tube and detector movement to remove superimpositioning in dense breasts?

Tomosynthesis

which modality gives small doses of radiopharmaceuticals?

nuclear medicine

Which of the following can occur as a result of a double set of grid lines?

A) Grid misalignment
B) Film fog
C) Static artifacts
D) Moiré effect

D) Moiré effect (Zebra pattern)

What is a harmful or unintended incident that can occur during a diagnostic procedure?

adverse event

The measurement of the level of quality at some point in time with no effort to change or improve the level of care is known as quality

A) management.
B) assurance.
C) assessment.
D) control.

C) assessment.

What is the breast imaging technology called that uses tube and detector movement to remove superimpositioning in dense breasts?

Tomosynthesis

What is the name of the process whereby glandular tissue converts to fatty tissue as you age?

Involution

To qualify for your Mammography registry, how many supervised screening and diagnostic mammograms do you need to complete?

25

Fluoroscopy equipment visual inspections are done:

A) Monthly
B) Semi-annually
C) When state inspectors are present
D) Annually

B) Semi-annually

Camera most commonly used today to capture the fluoroscopic image from a tube type image intensifier is the:

charged-coupled device

Describes needle diameter

Gauge

PICC line placement is usually preferred in the:

Brachial or Basilic vein

PET/CT imaging provides

Both functional and anatomical information.

Benefits of digital PACS images does not include

Improved spatial resolution.

The most important component that affects spatial resolution in digital subtraction angiography is the

Computer matrix size.

What are the 2 basic mammographic views?

CC and MLO

Photoconductors convert x-ray energy into

Electric Current

The input phosphor of an image intensifier tube converts a(n) _____ image into a(n) _____ image.

A) X-ray; light
B) Light; electron
C) Electron; light
D) X-ray; electron

A) X-ray; light

A reduction in brightness at the periphery of the image captured with an image intensifier tube is referred to as:

A) Pincushion distortion
B) Vignetting
C) Barrel distortion
D) Quantum mottle

B) Vignetting

In departments with a quality management program in place, the greatest number of repeat images is caused by which of the following?

A) equipment problems
B) Image fog
C) Patient motion
D) Positioning error

D) Positioning error

Data for determining repeat rates should include at least ____ patients to obtain a statistical sample large enough for valid results.

A) 100
B) 150
C) 250
D) 500

C) 250

What is motion referred to as?

exposure artifact

The minimum filtration required for general-purpose radiographic systems is _____ mm Al.

A) 2.0
B) 2.1
C) 2.5
D) 3.0

C) 2.5

Two common quality control tests that should be performed on grids are grid _____ and grid _____ tests.

A) ratio; frequency
B) alignment; uniformity
C) ratio; alignment
D) uniformity; ratio

B) alignment; uniformity

The maximum variability allowed for the reproducibility of exposure is +/- __________%.

A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 20

B) 5

The variability allowed for mAs linearity is +/- ________%.

10%

What is the tolerance for exposure timer accuracy?

±5% for exposures >10 ms

±20% for exposures <10 ms

which modality displays the greatest spatial resolution?

MRI

When is a diagnostic mammogram done?

1-When a patient feels or notices a lump or breast change

2-To diagnose an irregularity seen on a screening mammogram

3-Post-surgical intervention

The type of contrast that is caused by variations in the tissue density within the anatomical part to be imaged defines which of the following?

A) Image contrast
B) Subject contrast
C) Inherent contrast
D) None of the answer options are correct

B) Subject contrast

The average dose exposure for a patient from a chest, abdomen, or pelvis CT is

10 mSv

Shades of gray is controlled by which post-processing tool?

A) Window width
B) Masking
C) Annotations
D) Window level

A) Window width

adujust for brightness

window level

Which of the following terms best describes the ability of an imaging system to create separate images of closely spaced high-contrast objects?

A) Screen speed
B) spatial resolution
C) contrast resolution
D) quantum mottle

B) spatial resolution

The maximum dose to the fetus of an occupational worker for the entire gestation period is measured in rem.

A) 0.1 rem
B) 0.5 rem
C) 1.5 rem
D) 3.0 rem

B) 0.5 rem

Which federal agency is responsible for establishing standards for safety and monitoring the workplace environment?

A) NRC
B) OSHA
C) FDA
D) NERI

B) OSHA

How many levels of quality control testing and monitoring are there?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

C) Three

What do we call it when blood or medication leaks out of the vessel?

Infiltration

Normal BUN reference range

7-25 mg/dL

Angle of the needle to the skin's surface during venipuncture

45

What type of motion is used to cleanse the skin before venipuncture?

circular