AP Psychology Therapy Chapter

Define psychoanalysis

Freud’s therapy technique in which a patient’s free associations get interpreted by their therapists allowing repressed feelings out and allows patient to gain self-insight

Goals of psychoanalysis

allow patient to get repressed feelings out and gain self-insight

Methods used in psychoanalysis

Dream analysis, interpretation, and free association

Criticisms of psychoanalysis

scientific validity, overemphasis on sexuality, generalization, and patriarchal norms

Who coined client-centered therapy

Carl Rogers

Techniques of client-centered therapy

active-listening, genuine, accepting environment for client’s growth

Goals of client-centered therapy

aim to help client’s realize their own potential or their need to self-actualize

Difference between behavior therapy and traditional psychoanalytic and humanistic therapies

Behavior focuses on conscious drives and decisions while psychoanalytic and humanistic relies on the unconscious

Difference between cognitive therapy and cognitive-behavior therapy

Cognitive therapy emphasizes that negative thinking causes psychological problems while cognitive-behavioral emphasizes irrational thought causes maladaptive behavior which causes psychological problems

Cognitive Therapy for depression

Therapists help patient acknowledge warped thinking and set more realistic ways of looking at things

why do clients tend to overestimate the effectiveness of psychotherapy

-people often enter therapy in a crisis

-clients need to believe therapy was worth the effort

-generally speak kindly of therapists

anti-psychotic drugs

used to treat schizophrenia and other severe thought disorders

names of anti-psychotics

thorazine, risperdal, and zyprexia

side effects of anti-psychotics

tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movement of facial muscles, tongue, and limbs), obesity, and diabetes

anti-depressant drugs

used to treat depression, anxiety, ocd, and ptsd

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

block the reuptake or absorption of serotonin from synapses

Neurotransmitters involved in antidepressants

Norepinephrine and Serotonin

Side effects of antidepressants

obesity, diabetes, and addiction

Anti-anxiety Drugs

drugs used to control anxiety or agitation

Names of antianxiety drugs

xanax, ativan, d-cycloserine

Side Effects of antianxiety drugs

addiction, increased anxiety, insomnia, and withdrawals

resistance

in psychoanalysis, the blocking of anxiety ridden material or memories from consciousness

transference

in psychoanalysis, the client’s transfer of emotions linked with other relationships to the therapist

psychodynamic therapy

viewing individuals as responding to unconscious desires and childhood experiences

EMDR 9eye movement desensitization and reprocessing)

therapy that involved moving your eyes in a certain pattern to process trauma

light exposure therapies

Giving people a timed daily dose of light to lessen depression symptoms

Exposure therapies

treat anxieties by exposing people to things they fear or avoid

systematic desensitization

associates a pleasant and relaxing state with gradually increasing anxiety-inducing stimuli

virtual reality therapy

progressively exposes people to an electronic simulation of their fears

counterconditioning

uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behavior

rational-emotive behavior therapy

developed by Albert Ellis, confrontational cognitive therapy that vigorously challenges people’s self defeating views and mentality

aversive therapy

pairing unwanted state (nausea) with unwanted behavior (drinking alcohol)

participatory modeling

patient could have learned fear by watching someone else have that fear

token economy

earning a token for doing the right thing, intended to reinforce preferred behaviors

aaron beck therapy for depression

• Believes depression comes from negative self talk

• depression triad: Negative view of themselves, the world, and their future

Anti-Depressant names

Prozac/Zoloft/Paxil

Lithium

mood stabilizing drug prescribed to majority bipolar disordered individuals

Ritalin

used mainly to treat ADHD

ECT (Electro Convulsive Shock Therapy)

biomedical therapy used only for severely depressed patients, when short electric currents are sent through brain or anesthetized patient