Intermolecular Forces and Solutions

These flashcards cover key concepts related to intermolecular forces and solutions, focusing on vapor pressure, boiling points, and solubility.

What is the relationship between intermolecular forces and vapor pressure at a given temperature?

At a given temperature, stronger intermolecular forces result in lower vapor pressure.

Which compound forms intermolecular hydrogen bonds?

NH3 (Ammonia) forms intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

Which substance has the greatest polarizability?

HI exhibits the greatest polarizability.

Why does NH3 have a higher boiling point than PH3?

NH3 has a higher boiling point because of stronger hydrogen bonding compared to PH3, which has only weaker London dispersion forces.

What is the specific heat capacity of liquid NH3?

4.7 J/(g.K) is the specific heat capacity of liquid NH3.

What happens to the boiling point when comparing CH3-O-CH3 and CH3CH2OH?

CH3CH2OH has a higher boiling point due to hydrogen bonding compared to CH3-O-CH3.

Which substance has the highest molar enthalpy of vaporization among the given options?

CBr4 has the highest molar enthalpy of vaporization.

What type of intermolecular force exists between CHCl3 and CCl4?

CCl4 has London dispersion forces, which are the weakest among the given options.

What process occurs when transitioning from point D to point C on a phase diagram?

The process is called condensation.

What are the strongest intermolecular attractions in H2S?

The strongest intermolecular attractions in H2S are dipole-dipole forces.

Which substances exhibit hydrogen bonding in their pure liquid phase?

H2SO4 exhibits hydrogen bonding in its pure liquid phase.

Which ion is most strongly hydrated in water?

Mg2+ is the most strongly hydrated ion in water.

What does the vapor pressure of a solution depend on?

The vapor pressure of a solution depends on the mole fraction of the solvent and the vapor pressure of the pure solvent.

If the temperature decreases while keeping pressure constant for water, what occurs?

The water may undergo condensation or freezing, depending on the temperature change.

What is Raoult's Law and how does it affect vapor pressure calculations?

Raoult's Law states that the vapor pressure of a solution is equal to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution.

What effect does temperature have on the solubility of gases in water?

The solubility of gases in water usually decreases with increasing temperature.

What is ∆Hsoln when a solute is added to a solvent?

∆Hsoln equals the sum of the enthalpy changes for separating solute molecules, separating solvent molecules, and joining solute and solvent molecules.