APUSH - Unit 7A Vocab Save

test session 11

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Navy officer whose ideas on naval warfare and the importance of sea-power changed how America viewed its navy; wrote "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History."

Yellow Journalism

Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers.

De Lome Letter

Spanish Ambassador's letter that was illegally removed from the U.S. Mail and published by American newspapers. It criticized President McKinley in insulting terms. Used by war hawks as a pretext for war in 1898.

Rough Riders

Volunteer regiment of US Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish American War

Teller Amendment

Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American War.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898). He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines in 1899, but his movement was crushed and he was captured by the United States Army in 1901.

Insular Cases

Determined that inhabitants of U.S. territories had some, but not all, of the rights of U.S. citizens.

Platt Amendment

Allowed the United States to intervene in Cuba and gave the United States control of the naval base at Guantanamo Bay.

Spheres of Influence in China

an area where a foreign nation controlled economic developments such as railroad construction and mining.

Open Door Policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Boxer Rebellion

A 1900 Uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country.

Big Stick Diplomacy

Theodore Roosevelt's method for achieving American goals in the Caribbean; it featured the threat and use of military force to promote America's commercial supremacy, to limit European intervention in the region, and to protect the Panama Canal.

Roosevelt Corollary

1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South and Central America by using military force.

Dollar Diplomacy

President Taft's policy of linking American business interests to diplomatic interests abroad.

Moral Diplomacy

Foreign policy proposed by President Wilson to condemn imperialism, spread democracy, and promote peace.

Progressive Movement

An early 20th century reform movement seeking to return control of the government to the people, to restore economic opportunities, and to correct injustices in American life

Social Gospel Movement

A 19th century reform movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to help improve working conditions and alleviate poverty

Muckrakers

Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public.

Lincoln Steffens

Early muckraker who exposed the political corruption in many American cities. Wrote The Shame of the Cities.

Ida Tarbell

A leading muckraker and magazine editor, she exposed the corruption of the oil industry with her 1904 work A History of Standard Oil.

Jacob Riis

Early 1900's muckraker who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. with his novel "How the Other Half Lives"; exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC and Hell's Kitchen.

Lewis Hine

Photographer who used his pictures to draw attention to social problems such as child labor and the poor living conditions of immigrants in New York City.

Upton Sinclair

Muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago.

16th Amendment (1913)

Allows the federal government to collect income tax.

17th Amendment (1913)

Direct election of senators

Initiative

A procedure by which voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment.

Referendum

A state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment.

Recall

procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office.

Sherman Antitrust Act

First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions.

Clayton Antitrust Act

1914 act designed to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890; certain activities previously committed by big businesses, such as not allowing unions in factories and not allowing strikes, were declared illegal.

18th Amendment (1919)

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages.

19th Amendment (1920)

Women gain the right to vote.

The Trench Warefare/"No mans land":

Both sides sitting in trenches

Trench life involved long periods of boredom mixed with brief periods of terror. The threat of death kept soldiers constantly on edge, while poor living conditions and a lack of sleep wore away at their health and stamina.

Lusitania

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.

Zimmerman Telegram

Outlined a German plan to keep the United States out of the European war. Stated that if Mexico were to declare war on the United States, Germany would provide Mexico help in regaining the lands lost in the Mexican War.

The note, the boats, democracy, and money

Reasons America gets involved in WWI

Convoy System

The protection of merchant ships from U-boat-German submarine-attacks by having the ships travel in large groups escorted by warships

Food Administration

This government agency was headed by Herbert Hoover and was established to increase the production of food and encouraged preserving food for the military during WWI.

Fourteen Points

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

League of Nations

A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined.

War Guilt Clause

A provision in the Treaty of Versailles by which Germany acknowledged that it alone was responsible for WWI

Treaty of Versailles

the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 that ended World War I and demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans

Irreconcilables

Senators who voted against the League of Nations with or without reservations

Reservationists

Senators who pledged to vote in favor of the Treaty of Versailles if certain changes were made - led by Henry Cabot Lodge

Espionage Act

1917 law that set heavy fines and long prison terms for antiwar activities.

Sedition Act

1918 law that made it illegal to criticize the government.

Red Scare (1919-1920)

Fear among many Americans after World War I of Communists in particular and noncitizens in general, a reaction to the Russian Revolution, mail bombs, strikes, and riots.

Red Summer of 1919

Used to describe the bloody race riots that occurred during the summer and autumn of 1919.

Palmer Raids

A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities.

Schenck v. United States

1919--Case involving limits on free speech. Established the "clear and present danger" principle.