HISTORY mid year exam grade 10 hadley/philemon wright high school

answers to the mid year exam checklist to study easily on the christmas break

French-Canadian politician, leader of the Parti Rouge

Opposed Confederation at first, supported provincial autonomy and democratic reforms

Who was Antione-Aime Doiron

English-Canadian politician, leader of the Clear Grits

Supported Confederation, founder of The Globe newspaper.

Who was George-Brown

Dorion: Parti Rouge

Brown: Clear grits

what’s Antione-Aime Doiron and Geroge’s Brown political parties?

Dorion → French Canadians, liberals

Brown → English Protestants, middle class

who did the political parties of Antione-Aime Doiron and George Brown represent?

Dorion/Rouges → responsible government, provincial rights

Brown/Clear Grits → representation by population, reform

what were the political views of the political parties of Antione-Aime Doiron and George Brown?

Free trade → fewer tariffs, cheaper imports

Protectionism → tariffs to protect local industries

whats the difference between free trade and protectionism?

1854 agreement with the U.S., free trade of natural resources

Ended in 1866

What is the reciprocity treaty?

Creation of Canada: Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia

Provinces gained local powers

Western expansion happened later

what changes to canadian territory occurred following confederation (1867)?

Political deadlock in provinces

Fear of U.S. expansion

Economic reasons & defense needs

What factors led to the creation of the British North America Act (1867)?

Sir John A. Macdonald

Who was Canada’s first Prime Minister?

High tariffs to protect industry

Build Canadian Pacific Railway

Encourage western settlement

what was Canada’s first prime minister’s national policy?

French Canadians lost political power

Forced assimilation, equal representation created conflict

Describe the tensions around the Act of Union (1840)

Gov’t should answer to elected assembly

More democracy, less British control

Describe the arguments for responsible government (1840 Act of union)

Loyalty and devotion to one’s nation or culture

Describe the term nationalism.

Policy of extending a country’s power over other territories

Describe the term Imperialism.

Federal → defense, trade, currency

Provincial → education, property, local matters

Explain some of the divisions of powers of the BNA Act

Right to unionize, shorter work hours, safer conditions

explain the development of workers’ rights in the late 19th century

Organized action for rights, strikes, unions like the Knights of Labour

Explain the development of the labour movement in the late 19th century.

Interprovincial Conference → strengthened provincial rights

What did Honore Mercier organize in 1887?

Reaction to federal overreach → outcome: stronger provincial autonomy

What led to the event of Honore Mercier’s thing that he organized and what was the outcome?

Combination of religion (Church) and nationalism; Church influences politics

what is clerico-nationalism?

Focused on protecting French language, culture, and identity

what is French Canadian Nationalism?

Someone who supports empire expansion and control over other territories

what’s an imperialist?

Opposition to Church influence in politics or society

what is anticlericalism?

Strong Church authority, loyalty to the Pope above state

Ultramonatism?

Forcing a group to adopt another culture and abandon their own

what does assimilation mean?

Residential schools, banning traditions, Indian Act restrictions

how did the the federal government seek to assimilate indigenous peoples?

Erase culture, create “European-style” citizens

what were the intentions of the federal government for trying to assimilate the indigenous people?

Residential schools, outlawing ceremonies, controlling land and governance

what were the policies of assimilation of the indigenous people?

Cultural loss, trauma, family separation, long-term societal effects

what were the impacts of the efforts of the federal government trying to assimilate the indigenous people.

Control Indigenous peoples: status, land, governance, rights

what was/is the purpose of the Indian Act (1876).

Adjust government control, rights, and policies over time

what’s the purpose of the many amendments of the Indian Act. (1876)

Charity, reinforced traditional values, influenced education and morals

What impact did the clergy have on Quebec society during the economic crisis of the 1930s?

Over-speculation, excessive credit, weak regulations

The Great Depression saw a radical shift in the way governments interacted with financial markets. What caused the stock market to crash?

Early labor union in Canada and US, fought for workers’ rights

Who were the Knights of Labour?

Organized, collective action for better wages, hours, and safety

How would you characterize the labour movement?

Women fighting for the right to vote

What does the term suffragette refer to?

Urban growth, heavy industry, electricity, and resource expansion

How did the second phase of industrialization shape Québec in the early part of the 20th century?

First: textiles, small factories

Second: heavy industry, foreign investment, modern infrastructure

Describe the differences between the second phase from the first.

Britain declared war → Canada, as part of Empire, was automatically involved

How did Canada become involved in World War One?

Total war, trench warfare, industrial weapons, mass mobilization

What made world war one different from other wars at this point in history?

Prime Minister (1896–1911), promoted compromise between French and English Canadians

Who is Wilfred Laurier?

Balanced English/French interests, encouraged immigration, economic expansion

How would you describe Wilfred laurier’s national policy?

Economic theory advocating government spending to stimulate growth during recessions

Describe Keynesianism.

Canadian fascist leader, pro-Hitler

Who is Adrien Arcand?

Women’s suffrage in Quebec, education reforms, social programs

What reforms did Adelard Godbout introduce during his time as Premier?

Strong Church control over politics and society, loyalty to the Pope

how would you describe ultramonatism?

FCN: cultural identity

Clerico-nationalism: Church + culture

what differentiates French Canadian Nationalism from clerico-nationalism?

Both aim to protect French Canadian identity and values

How is French Canadian Nationalism and clerico-nationalism similar?

Pulp & paper, mining, hydroelectricity

What are the main industries in Quebec at the beginning of the 20th century?

Paper, electricity, metals

what products does the main industry in Quebec at the beginning of the 20th century produce?

Near rivers, urban centers, and resource-rich areas

where were the industries in Quebec at the beginning of the 20th century located?

Irish Protestant executed during the Red River Rebellion (1885)

Who was thomas Scott

Crowded, poor sanitation, less safety vs. spacious, clean, comfortable

How did the living conditions in working class neighborhoods differ from bourgeoise neighborhoods?

Balanced French/English interests, encouraged growth (example: promoted immigration to Western Canada)

How would you describe Wilfred Laurier’s policy to a friend? Provide an example to support your answer.

Natural resources, immigration, industrial growth, foreign investment

What factors contributed to Canada’s economic prosperity in the early 20th century?

Labrador (dispute between Quebec and Newfoundland)

Identify the disputed territory that was delimited by the London Privy Council in 1927.

Residential schools → forced attendance

Provide an example, of a government policy that had a direct impact on indigenous youth.

Abuse, cultural loss, separation from family

How did the government policy impact indigenous youth?

Mining and forestry expanded, economic growth, urbanization

Between 1900 - 1920 the need for natural resources increased tremendously. How did this demand impact canada?

Railways, ports, roads, electricity networks

Because of increased trade in Quebec and Canada, what type of infrastructure was introduced and improved?

Increased foreign (mostly American) investment

During the 2nd phase of industrialization, what change occurred in terms of who was investing in canadian industries?

Free markets, limited government intervention, private enterprise

Describe economic liberalism.

Cheap resources, cheap labor, hydroelectric power

What factors attracted American investors to invest in Canadian industries?

Provided charity, moral guidance, sometimes resisted labor reforms

What impacts did the catholic church have on the working conditions for workers?

Businesses owned and operated by members for mutual benefit

Describe co-operativism.

Organized workers collectively negotiating for wages, hours, and safety

Describe trade unionism.

Crowding reduced slowly, basic sanitation improved, labor activism increased

Explain some of the changes that occurred in the early 20th century in working class neighbourhoods.

Gradual labor laws, workplace regulations, social programs

What was the state’s (government) response to the working conditions of workers?

Leaders in women’s suffrage and feminist movements in Quebec

Who are therese Casgrain and idola Saint-Jean?

Policy of extending control/power over other nations

What does the work imperialism mean?

Someone who supports empire expansion and dominance

What does it mean to be an imperialist?