bsc-312 exam 3

what are diatoms made of that give them the structured shape

silica

for the alveolic pathogen, what is the first tissue it infects after entering the host

liver

cyanobacteria are smaller or larger than algae

smaller

cyano bacteria are more x in color than algae

blue/green (blue)

features of green algae. larger or smaller? multicellular or unicellar? filamentous?

larger, multicellular or unicellular, can be filamentous

features of diatoms. color? multi or uni cell? hetero or photo?

gold/brown in color. unicellular. photosynthetic

what is the pigment that gives diatoms the golden/brown color

fucoxanthin

what are divisions primarily based on

1. sexual spore prodution

2. presence of septa in the hyphae

examples of macrofungi

mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi

what can you observe in a freshwater sample (5)

bacteria and algae. cyanobateria and protists.

inverberate animals

what do we call an organism that decomposes dead matter

saprophyte

when do we consider a fungus a mold

when it is filamentous

what do we call a fungus that has a mold and yeast lifestyle stage

dimorphic fungi

what do we call a fungi that has a dark and pigmented hyphae

dematiaceous fungi

phyla of fungus kingdom that is non-septa hyphae

zygomycota

examples of ascomycota (4)

penicillium, aspergillus, sarccharomyces cerevisiae, candida albicans

what method do protozoans use to reproduce asexually

binary fission

what ascomycota is used for production of red wine and beer

saccharomyces cerevisiae

what does penicillin look like under the microscope

bubbles, chain of spheres, brush shape

what color is penicillium

green/gray

what color is aspergillus

black

what is the causative agent of amoebic dsynentery

entamoeba histolytica

what entamoeba is pathogenic

histolytica

what entamoeba is non pathogenic and has more nucleic (8-16)

entamoeba coli

3 different types of bacteria. 1 bacteriophage. zones of clearing for one of them. no zones of clearing for the others. what does this mean about the ones without zones of clearing?

bacteria are not suitable hosts for the phage. bacteriophage is not specific not those types of bacteria.

hyphae can be X or X

septate (separate) or non-septate (not separate)

septate means that walls

separate adjacent cells

nonseptate means that walls

are absent

what is the resting stage called

cyst. resting, survival

what is the active feeding state called

trophozoite

prokaryotes are blank in size too eukaryotes

smaller

eukaryotes are much more X because they have organelles

complex

cyanobacteria: nitrogen fixing cells are called

heterocysts

the resistant spores are called

akinetes

when the fungus is filametnous, it is considered a mold. a mass of collection of these fungal filaments is called

mycelium

causative agent of oral thrush, vulvovaginitis, cutaneous infection of the lungs bronchi kindye

candida albicans

prokaryotes are divided into what two domains

archaea and bacteria

zone of clearing due to the lysis of bacterial cells on a lawn in our assay for our virus titer

plaque

intermediate host where it multiples

TSE plaque

plasmodium species, causative agent of malaria. where does the parasite carry out its sexual stage

female anopheles mosquito

causative agent of toxoplasmosis. parasite carries out its sexual stage in what animal?

cats

phage titer =

PFU/OSV

PFU=

phage titer x OSV

original phage density is what part of the equation

phage titer

dilution factor is what part of the equation

OSV

what is the unit

plaques

what the the stages of the phage replicative cycle

1. attachment

2. penetration

3. replication (biosynthesis)

4. assembly

5. maturation

6. release

attachment

the virus attaches to the host cell surface

penetration

the virus particle or its nucleic acid enter the host cell

replication (biosynthesis)

the virus uses the host cell's biosynthetic capabilities to produce new viral components (NAs, protein coat, etc)

assembly

capsid subunits come together to form the capsid into which the genome is inserted and the tail comes together and attaches to the capsid

maturation

the viral components spontaneously self assemble to form complete virus particles (virions)

release

the virus particles get out of the host cell to go infect more host cells

giardia lamblia

excavata (blue)

balantidium

alveolate, SAR

TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI

excavata, flagellated

ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA

unikonta

toxoplasma gondii

SAR

ENTAMOEBA COLI

unikonta

cyanobacteria