Histology 802 Cytology Lecture and Lab Review

These flashcards encompass key vocabulary and concepts related to cytology and histology based on the lecture notes.

Cell membrane

Consists of three laminae: outer dense, middle light, and inner dense; total thickness is 7-9 nm.

Glycocalyx

Formed from chains of sugars or glycolipids attached to peripheral proteins on the plasma membrane.

Transmembrane proteins

Proteins that span the membrane and constitute a significant portion of the membrane's weight.

Acinar cells

Cells in the pancreas that have basally located nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm due to protein secretory granules.

Lysosomes

Organelles containing enzymes that digest cellular waste and are formed from the Golgi complex.

Microvilli

Apical cell membrane evaginations that increase surface area for absorption in epithelial tissues.

Cilia

Hair-like structures on the surface of certain cells, containing microtubules, that aid in movement.

Desmosomes

Structures that provide adhesion between adjacent epithelial cells, visible as dense bodies between cells.

Mitosis

The process of cell division that includes stages such as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Cell cycle

Divided into four phases: G1, S, G2, and M, with G1 being the pre-duplication phase and M the mitotic phase.

Static cells

Cells that never divide, such as neurons and cardiac cells, remaining in the G0 phase for life.

Renewing cells

Cells that are continuously replaced at fixed intervals, such as blood cells and gastrointestinal epithelium.

Euchromatin

Less condensed form of chromatin; appears lightly basophilic under the microscope.

Heterochromatin

More condensed form of chromatin; appears darkly basophilic under the microscope.

Glycogen granules

Energy storage particles found in liver cells, seen as beta and alpha particles in electron microscopy.

Melanocytes

Cells that synthesize melanin and transfer it to keratinocytes in the skin.

Secretory granules

Vesicles that contain substances to be secreted by the cell, formed from the Golgi apparatus.

Nucleoli

Structures within the nucleus responsible for ribosome synthesis.

Cytoplasmic:nuclear ratio

The ratio of the volume of the cytoplasm to that of the nucleus; important in cell morphology assessment.

Perinuclear location

The positioning of the Golgi body surrounding the nucleus within nerve cell bodies.

Autophagosomes

Lysosomes fused with the cell’s old organelles for degradation.

Hematoxylin Stain

basic dye with positive (+) charge

stains acidic structures with net negative (-) charge

ex: nucleus & ribosomes

Eosin Stain

acidic dye with negative (-) charge stains

stains basic structures with net positive (+) charge

ex : most cytoplasmic structures (EXCEPT ribosomes)

Pancreas Acinar Cells - basophilic

Leydig Cells - eosinophilic

green arrows - aggregated lipofuscin pigments

black arrow - nucleoli