Solution Chem + Titrations Vocab

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Aqueous solution

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36 vocab words

36 Terms

1

Aqueous solution

A solution where water is the solvent.

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2

Polar molecule

A molecule with uneven distribution of charge, leading to partial positive and negative ends.

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3

Hydration

The process of water molecules surrounding and dissolving ions or molecules.

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4

Solubility

The ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent.

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5

Solute

The substance being dissolved in a solution.

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6

Solvent

The substance doing the dissolving in a solution (e.g., water in an aqueous solution).

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7

Electrical conductivity

The ability of a solution to conduct electricity, depends on the presence of ions.

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8

Strong electrolyte

A substance that completely dissociates into ions in solution (e.g., NaCl).

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9

Weak electrolyte

A substance that only partially dissociates into ions in solution (e.g., CH₃COOH).

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10

Nonelectrolyte

A substance that does not dissociate into ions in solution (e.g., sugar).

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11

Strong acid

An acid that fully dissociates into ions in water (e.g., HCl).

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12

Strong base

A base that fully dissociates into ions in water (e.g., NaOH).

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13

Weak acid

An acid that only partially dissociates in water (e.g., acetic acid).

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14

Weak base

A base that only partially dissociates in water (e.g., ammonia).

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15

Molarity

Concentration of a solution, moles of solute per liter of solution (mol/L).

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16

Standard solution

A solution with a known concentration, often used in titrations.

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17

Dilution

Adding solvent to a solution to decrease its concentration.

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18

Precipitation reaction

A reaction where two aqueous solutions form an insoluble solid (precipitate).

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19

Precipitate

The solid that forms during a precipitation reaction.

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20

Molecular equation

A chemical equation showing the complete formulas of all reactants and products.

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21

Complete ionic equation

A chemical equation that shows all ions in the reaction.

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22

Spectator ions

Ions that do not participate in the actual chemical reaction and remain unchanged.

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23

Net ionic equation

A chemical equation that shows only the species that undergo change in a reaction.

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24

Arrhenius acid

A substance that increases the concentration of H⁺ ions in water.

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25

Arrhenius base

A substance that increases the concentration of OH⁻ ions in water.

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26

Brønsted-Lowry acid

A proton (H⁺) donor.

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27

Brønsted-Lowry base

A proton (H⁺) acceptor.

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28

Neutralization reaction

A reaction between an acid and a base that produces water and a salt.

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29

Volumetric analysis

A technique to determine the concentration of a solution through volume measurements.

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30

Titration

A technique where a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of another solution.

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31

Titrant

The solution of known concentration in a titration.

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32

Analyte

The substance being analyzed in a titration.

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33

Equivalence point (stoichiometric point)

The point in a titration where moles of titrant equal moles of analyte.

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34

Indicator

A substance that changes color at or near the equivalence point in a titration.

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35

Endpoint

The point in a titration where the indicator changes color, signaling the titration is complete.

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36

Acid-base titration

A titration process used to determine the concentration of an acid or base.

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