Solution Chem + Titrations Vocab

36 vocab words

Aqueous solution

A solution where water is the solvent.

Polar molecule

A molecule with uneven distribution of charge, leading to partial positive and negative ends.

Hydration

The process of water molecules surrounding and dissolving ions or molecules.

Solubility

The ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent.

Solute

The substance being dissolved in a solution.

Solvent

The substance doing the dissolving in a solution (e.g., water in an aqueous solution).

Electrical conductivity

The ability of a solution to conduct electricity, depends on the presence of ions.

Strong electrolyte

A substance that completely dissociates into ions in solution (e.g., NaCl).

Weak electrolyte

A substance that only partially dissociates into ions in solution (e.g., CH₃COOH).

Nonelectrolyte

A substance that does not dissociate into ions in solution (e.g., sugar).

Strong acid

An acid that fully dissociates into ions in water (e.g., HCl).

Strong base

A base that fully dissociates into ions in water (e.g., NaOH).

Weak acid

An acid that only partially dissociates in water (e.g., acetic acid).

Weak base

A base that only partially dissociates in water (e.g., ammonia).

Molarity

Concentration of a solution, moles of solute per liter of solution (mol/L).

Standard solution

A solution with a known concentration, often used in titrations.

Dilution

Adding solvent to a solution to decrease its concentration.

Precipitation reaction

A reaction where two aqueous solutions form an insoluble solid (precipitate).

Precipitate

The solid that forms during a precipitation reaction.

Molecular equation

A chemical equation showing the complete formulas of all reactants and products.

Complete ionic equation

A chemical equation that shows all ions in the reaction.

Spectator ions

Ions that do not participate in the actual chemical reaction and remain unchanged.

Net ionic equation

A chemical equation that shows only the species that undergo change in a reaction.

Arrhenius acid

A substance that increases the concentration of H⁺ ions in water.

Arrhenius base

A substance that increases the concentration of OH⁻ ions in water.

Brønsted-Lowry acid

A proton (H⁺) donor.

Brønsted-Lowry base

A proton (H⁺) acceptor.

Neutralization reaction

A reaction between an acid and a base that produces water and a salt.

Volumetric analysis

A technique to determine the concentration of a solution through volume measurements.

Titration

A technique where a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of another solution.

Titrant

The solution of known concentration in a titration.

Analyte

The substance being analyzed in a titration.

Equivalence point (stoichiometric point)

The point in a titration where moles of titrant equal moles of analyte.

Indicator

A substance that changes color at or near the equivalence point in a titration.

Endpoint

The point in a titration where the indicator changes color, signaling the titration is complete.

Acid-base titration

A titration process used to determine the concentration of an acid or base.