AP HUG Unit 3 Quiz 2

Animism

The beliefs that bodies of water, animals, trees, and other natural objects have spirits.

Autonomous Religion

A religion that doesn’t have a central authority but shars and cooperates informally.

Branch

A large and fundamental division within a religion.

Caste System

A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of dailylife.

Cosmogony

A set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe.

Denomination

A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body.

Ethnic Religion

Relate closely to culture, ethnic heritage, and to the physical geography of a particular place.

Fundamentalism

Is strict, literal interpretation of a religious text or a set of precepts.

Hierarchical Religion

A religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control.

Ghetto

A poor densely populated city district occupied by a minority ethnic group linked together by economic hardship and social restriction.

Missionaries

People who work to spread their religious beliefs.

Monotheism

Belief in a single God

Pagan

A follower of a polytheistic religion.

Pilgrimage

A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes.

Polytheism

Belief in more than one God.

Sect

A relatively small group that as broken away from an established denomination.

Sharia Law

Body of Islamic Law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life.

Universalizing Religion

A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location.

Apartheid

A policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of face.

Balkanization

The process of breaking up a region into small, mutually hostile units.

Blockbusting

A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their house at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood.

Centrifugal Force

A force that divides people and countries.

Centripetal Force

An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state.

Ethnic Cleansing

Process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region.

Multi-Ethnic State

State that contains more than one ethnicity.

Multinational State

State that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities.

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country.

Nationality

Identity with a group of people who share a legal attachment to a particular country.

Nation-State

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality.

Racism

Belief that one race is superior to another.

Self-Determination

The ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will.

“Separate but Equal”

Racially segregated but ostensibly ensuring equal opportunities to all races.

Triangular Slave Trade

A practice, primarily during the eighteenth century, in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean Islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, and trade goods from Europe to Africa.

Blue Laws

Laws that restrict certain activities, such as the sale of alcohol, on Sunday.

Buddhism

This religion is founded by Siddhartha Gautama and explained the way to salvation through self-discipline and poverty.

Christianity

A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.

Colonialism

Physical process whereby the colonizer takes over another place, putting its own government in charge and either moving its own people into the place or bringing indentured outsiders to gain control of the people and the land.

Diaspora

When a group of people are scattered to various locations.

Ethnic Neighborhood

An area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background.

Ethnic Separatism

Advocacy of a state of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental, gender separation from the group.

Ethnic Nationalism

A form of nationalism where in the “nation” is defined in terms of ethnicity.

Ethnocentrism

The belief in the superiority of one’s own ethnic groups.

Genocide

A premeditated effort to kill everyone from a particular ethnic group.

Hinduism

One of the oldest religions in the modern world, dating back over 4,000 years, and originated in the Indus River Valley. Unique among the World’s religions in that it does not have a single founder, single theory, or agreement on its origin, 

Imperialism

The policy, practice, or advocacy, of extending the power and dominion of a nation especially by direct territorial acquisitions or by gaining 

Indigenous Communities

Ethnic groups who are original settlers of a given region, in contrast to groups that have settled, occupied or colonized the region more recently.

Islam

The monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th Century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran. Approximately 1.3 Billion people practice this religion which means “submission to the will of God”.

Judaism

The monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethnic principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud.  It originated with Abraham  and the Hebrew people.

Karma

Idea that behaviors have consequences in the present life or a future.

Multistate Nation

An ethnicity that is dispersed throughout several countries.

Nation

A culturally defined group of people with a shared past and a common future who relate to a territory and have political goals (ranging from autonomy to to statehood).

Neo Colonialism

The use of economical, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries, especially former dependencies.

Sequent Occupancy

The succession of groups and cultural influences throughout a place’s history.

Shaman

The single person who takes on the roles of priest, counselor and physician, and acts as a conduit to the supernatural world in a shamanist culture.

Sikhism

The doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in Northern India in the 16th Century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam.

State

A politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and is recognized by a significant portion of the international community.

Stateless Nation

A group of people with a common culture occupying a particular territory that does no operate as an independent political unit with a defined, permanently populated territory and has no sovereign control over its internal and foreign affairs. Essentially, it refers to a people without a state. There are plenty stateless nations in the world today. The Kurds are on of the largest stateless nations. 

Theocracies

Governments that are run by religious leaders through the use of religious laws.

Zionism

Movement to create a Jewish nation (homeland) in the Middle East.