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Define tissue.
A group of cells with similar function.
Define diffusion.
The net movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration down a concentration gradient.
Define excretion.
The removal of waste products from the body.
Define growth.
An increase in the size or number of cells.
Define organ.
A collection of several tissues working together.
Define respiration.
The release of energy (from glucose).
Give the balanced chemical symbol equation for aerobic respiration.
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
Give the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles.
glucose → lactic acid
How do bacterial cells differ from Eukaryotic cells? [6]
Peptidoglycan cell wall
No nucleus
DNA in the form of a loop
DNA not packaged around histone proteins
Plasmids
No mitochondria/chloroplasts.
How do enzymes increase the rate of a biochemical reaction?
By reducing the activation energy for the reaction.
In which organelle does respiration take place?
Mitochondrion (plural mitochondria).
List the components of a typical animal cell. [5]
Cell surface membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Mitochondria.
List the components of a typical fungal cell. [7]
Cell surface membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Permanent vacuole
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Chitin cell wall.
List the components of a typical plant cell. [8]
Cell surface membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Permanent vacuole
Cell wall.
State the factors that affect the rate of diffusion. [4]
Concentration gradient
Temperature
Surface area or surface area:volume ratio
Distance.
State the differences between diffusion and active transport. [2]
Active transport uses energy
Active transport is against a concentration gradient.
State the differences between diffusion and osmosis. [2]
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules
Osmosis is movement across a partially permeable membrane.
What happens above the optimum temperature for an enzyme? [5]
The enzyme molecules start to denature.
The shape of the active site changes.
The substrate no longer fits the active site.
Fewer enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.
The rate of reaction decreases.
What is a Prokaryote?
A bacterial cell.
What is meant by the term 'partially permeable membrane'?
Some molecules are able to pass across the membrane but others cannot.
What is the balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis?
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
What is the name of the site on an enzyme to which the substrate binds?
Active site.
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration by yeast cells.
glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide
What substances are found in the vacuole of plant cells? [3]
Water
Dissolved ions
Dissolved sugars.
Which substance is used to absorb carbon dioxide in a respirometer?
Soda lime / potassium hydroxide.
Which components of a cell are found in all types of cell? [3]
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes.
Why is diffusion faster at higher temperatures?
The particles have more kinetic energy.
Note
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