DBQ Unit 6

1865

End of Civil War, beginning of reconstruction, and rapid industrialization

1896

Spanish - American War begins, End of Gilded Age

What did the Spanish War do?

Marked the emergance of the US as a imperial/world power

Why did businesses consolidate into monopolies, pools, trust, and interlocking directorates?

To reduce competetion, control prices, increase profits, dominate markets

Industrial Leaders that used consolidation to create massive corporations

John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie

Monopoly

One company controls and entire industry

Pools

Companies agree to fix prices

Trusts

Multiple companies manages by one board

Interlocking directorates

Same people sit on the board of multiple companies

Social Darwinism

The belief that rich and powerful people are naturally superior. Economic success is proof of fitness

What did wealthy people use Social Darwinism to justify

Huge wealth inequality, shorter work hours, safer worker conditions, protection from unfair employers

Who were the Knights of Labor?

Led by Terence V. Powderly. Membership type was skilled and unskilled workers, women, African American. They wanted broad worker solidarity.

Who were the American Federation of Labor?

Led by Samuel Gompers. Membership type was mostly skilled workers only. They focused on practical workplace improvements.

Who were the IWW

Led by Bill Haywood. Membership type was all workers including immigrants and unskilled. They supported radical labor change and strikes

What is Sharecropping?

A farming system where farmers worked on land owned by white people and paid rent with a share of their crops

What was the New South?

The idea that southern economy would move from agriculture to industrialization

Why did many farmers move to cities?

Falling crop prices, railroad shipping cost, debt, overproduction new farming technology reducing jobs

What was the purpose of Grange?

Helped farmers by organizing cooperatives, fighting railroad monopolies, supporting Granger laws to regulate railroad prices, promoting political activism

What does Laissez-faire mean?

Government should not interfere in the economy

Who did the farmers and workers support in the election of 1896 and why?

William Jennings Byran, because he wanted free silver to increase money supply

Who did buisness and wealthy elites support in the election of 1896 and why?

William McKinley, because he supported the gold standard

Who won the election of 1896?

William McKinley

What are 3 goals of the Populist Party

Free coinage of silver, Government regulation of railroads, Direct election of senators

Old Immigrants: Country of origin, places they settled, when they came, reasons they came, responses

Northern and Western Europe, Rural areas or Small towns, 1820-1880, Land and economic opportunity, more accepted

New immigrants: Country of origin, places they settled, when they came, reasons they came, responses

Southern and Eastern Europe, crowded cities, 1880-1920, Jobs and religous persecution, faced strong nativism and discrimination

What were politcal machines?

Corrupt city politcal organizations that traded services for votes

Famous example of Political Machines

Tammany Hall, led by Boss Tweed

Why did immigrants support Political Machines?

Jobs, Housing, Food, Legal assistance, Help adjusting to city life

Who founded Hull House and where?

Jane Addams in Chicago

What did Hull House do?

Education classes, Childcare, Healthcare, Job Training, Cultural problems. Goal was to help immigrants adjuct to American society

How did Booker T. Washington seek to improve live for African Americans?

Promoted vocational education and gradual economic progress

How did Ida B. Wells seek to improve live for African Americans?

Led anti-lynching campaign and exposed racial violence

How did Marcus Garvey seek to improve live for African Americans?

Promoted black nationalism and economic independence

How did W.E.B Du Bois seek to improve live for African Americans?

Advocated for immediate civil rights and higher education

What was the impact of Plessy v Ferguson?

The supreme court ruled that racial segregation was constitutional under the doctorine of separate but equal. This legalized segregation, strengthened Jim Crow laws, and discrimination lasted until the Civil rights movement.

When was Plessy v Ferguson?

1896

What is the Social Gospel?

The belief that christians should work to solve social problems like poverty and inequality

What was the Gospel of Wealth?

The rich should use their wealth to benifit society throught philanthropy

What was the Battle of Bighorn?

Lakota and Cheyenne defeated the US troops led by George Armstrong Custer

When was the Battle of Bighorn?

1876

What was the Wounded Knee Massacre?

US troops killed hundreds of Lakota, marking the end of armed Native resistance

When was the Wounded Knee Massacre?

1890

What is assimilation?

Forcing Native Americans to adapt American culture

What is the Daws Act?

Broke tribal lands into individual farms, gave land to native families, sold remaining land to white settlers

When was the Daws Act?

1887

What was the Ghost Dance conflict?

Spirtual movement among Native Americans that promised: the return of the buffalo, the dissaperance of white settlers, restoration of Native lands

What did the 17th ammendment do?

Allowed for senators to be elected

What did the 19th ammendment do?

Granted women the right to vote

When was the 17th ammendment?

1913

When was the 19th ammendment?

1920

What did the 16th ammendment do?

Created the federal income tax

What did the 18th ammendment do?

Banned Alcohal

What did the progressives do?

Tried to reduce corruption and give citiens more power in government

What is a Secret Ballot/ Australian Ballot

Voting became private; reduced bridery and intimidation by political machines

What is Direct primaries

Party members vote directly for candidates

What is Innitiative

Citizens can propose new laws through petitions

Who promoted the political reforms?

Robert M La Follette

What was Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal

Controlling corporations, protecting consumers, conserving natural resources

What was Woodson Wilson known for

New Freedom

What was New Freedom

Break up monopolies, promote small buisness competition, reform banking

What are Muckrakers

Journalist who exposed corruption, dangerous working conditions, and politcal abuse

What did Upton SInclair do

Exposed unsanitary meatpacking conditions

Which Acts did Upton Sinclair help create

Meat inspection act and Pure food and Drug act

When was the Meat inspection act?

1906

When was the Pure food and drug act

1906