Chapter 3: Ionic Compounds, Formulas, and Reactions

single replacement reactions

A type of chemical reaction where one element replaces another element in a compound. It follows the general form of A + BC → AC + B.

double replacement reactions

A type of chemical reaction where two ionic compounds exchange ions to form two new compounds. The cations and anions switch places. Also known as metathesis reactions.

synthesis reactions

A type of chemical reaction where two or more substances combine to form a more complex product.

decomposition reaction

type of chemical reaction where a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.

oxidation-reduction reaction

Type of chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between two species. One species loses electrons while the other gains electrons

formation reactions

A formation reaction that forms one mole of a compound from its constituent elements in their standard states.

half reactions

A chemical equation that represents either oxidation or reduction. It only shows the transfer of electrons and does not include the full chemical equation.

net ionic equations

a chemical equation that shows only the species that participate in a reaction. It excludes spectator ions, which do not participate in the reaction.

Solubility Rules

Guidelines for predicting solubility of compounds in a solvent based on their chemical properties. "Like dissolves like" principle used, meaning compounds with similar polarities dissolve in each other.

polyatomic ion

charged species that contain two or more atoms covalently bonded together. They act as a single unit and carry a net charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.

monoatomic ions

A charged particle with a single atom. Formed when an atom gains or loses electrons.

addition reactions

A type of chemical reaction where two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule with no atoms left over.

Neutralization Reactions

A chemical reaction between an acid and a base that results in the formation of salt and water.

combustion reaction

A chemical reaction that involves the rapid combination of oxygen with a fuel source, resulting in the release of heat and light energy.

cation

positive

anion

negative

hydrates

A compound that contains water molecules attached to its ions or molecules. When heated, it releases water molecules and becomes an anhydrous compound.

empirical formula

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound.

molecular formula

the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

products

what is made in a reaction

reactants

what is consumed/changed in a reaction