Mitosis and Meiosis

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25 Terms

1

interphase

phase before mitosis; growth of cell and preparation for division

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2

prophase

chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear envelope disappears, spindle fibers start to form

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3

G1

growth and functioning

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4

Synthesis

DNA replicates

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5

G2

organelles replicate in preparation for division

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6

metaphase

chromosomes, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

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7

anaphase

the sister chromatids seperate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart

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8

telophase

chromosomes return to chromatin; nuclear membranes form; cleavage furrow begins

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9

cytokinesis

splitting of the cytoplasm

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10

mitosis

splitting of the nucleus

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11

sister chromatids

Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere and eventually separated

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12

centromere

area connecting sister chromatids

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13

spindle fibers

microtubules that extend from the centrioles and guide chromosome movement

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14

nucleus

organelle that initiates cell division

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15

somatic cell

all human body cells; not the gametes

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16

diploid

having two sets of chromosomes; all somatic cells

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17

haploid

having one set of chromosomes; the gametes

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18

gamete

sex cell; egg or sperm

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19

zygote

fertilized egg

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20

sexual

reproduction combining genetic info from two parents

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21

asexual

reproduction by one parent as a result of cell division

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22

cell plate

forms in plant cells to form new cell membrane and cell wall

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23

meiosis

cell division producing gametes

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24

variation

differences in members of a population

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25

homologous pair

each of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes

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