Knes 259 Skeletal System & Upper Extremity Bones Lecture

Skeletal system includes:

Bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, musculoskeletal system

5 Primary functions of the skeletal system and bones

1. Support

2. Protection

3. Leverage and Movement

4. Storage of minerals (like calcium) and lipids

5. Blood cell production

The longest part of the bone is known as the ____

diaphysis is the longest part of the shaft of the bone

Define these:

Articular cartilage-

Spongy bone-

Endosteum-

Medullary cavity-

Periosteum-

Articular cartilage- smooth surface for bones to articulate together

Spongy bone- blood cell production occurs .bone marrow found

Endosteum- lines medullary cavity

Medullary cavity- storage and production of lipids and blood vessels run through here.

Periosteum- outside the bone. outer shell of bone that protects the bone and has blood vessels.

Types of bones in the body

• Long (greater in length than width)- ex humerus, fibula, etc. primarily in upper and lower extremities

• Flat- like a protective shield like ex sternum.

• Sutural- found in skull. typically fuse together. make skull serve as one big bone instead of many unfused parts

• Irregular ( complex shapes)- like vertebra

• Short (cube shaped)- in carpals of wrist or tarsals of feet. help with stability and subtle movements for gliding. ex trapezoid bone

• Sesamoid (shaped like a sesame seed)- changes direction of forces from muscles. ex patella (knee cap).

Bone Surface Markings 1

Bone Surface Markings 2

Bone Surface Markings 3

What are the skeletal divisions

Axial Skeleton- skull, hyoid bone, auditory ossicles, vertebral columns, thorax. total bones =80

7

Appendicular Skeleton- pectoral, upper limbs, pelvic, lower limbs= 126

How many total bones in the adult skeletons

206

Upper extremity bones

each of these have a left and right version. there is a left ulna and right ulna for ex

Clavicle- the most proximal.

Scapula

Humerus

Ulna

Radius

Carpals

Metacarpals

Phalanges - most distal

Define Clavicle Bone

joins axial skeleton to appendicular skeleton. articulates with sternum (medial) and acromion of scapula (lateral)

What is the sternoclavicular joint

where the medial clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum articulate together

What does a ligament do

attaches bone to bone. reenforces joints

What is the articular disk purpose

reduces impact and absorbs shock

Scapula purpose

acts like shield, insertion and attachment spots for muscles

Posterior side of scapula