Goniometry: Only Numbers

Cervical Spine Flexion

0–45°

Cervical Spine Extension

0–45°

Cervical Spine Lateral Flexion (each side)

0–45–60°

Cervical Spine Rotation (each side)

0–60–75°

Thoracolumbar Spine Flexion (Tape Measure Method)

4 inches (no normative ROM in degrees)

Thoracolumbar Spine Lateral Flexion

No normative values, compare side-to-side for symmetry.

Thoracolumbar Spine Rotation

No normative values, compare side-to-side for symmetry.

Shoulder Flexion

0–165–180 degrees.

Shoulder Abduction

0–165–180 degrees.

Shoulder Extension

0–50 degrees.

Shoulder Internal (Medial) Rotation

0–65–90 degrees (rarely 90°).

Shoulder External (Lateral) Rotation

0–90 degrees.

Elbow Extension/Flexion

0–145 degrees.

Elbow/Forearm Pronation

0–90 degrees.

Elbow/Forearm Supination

0–80–90 degrees (may not reach 90°).

Wrist Flexion

0–90 degrees.

Wrist Extension

0–70 degrees.

Wrist Ulnar Deviation

0–35 degrees.

Wrist Radial Deviation

0–25 degrees.

Hip Flexion

0–115–125 degrees.

Hip Extension

0–10–15 degrees.

Hip Abduction

0–45 degrees.

Hip Adduction

0–20–30 degrees.

Hip Internal (Medial) Rotation

0–30–45 degrees.

Hip External (Lateral) Rotation

0–30–45 degrees.

Knee Extension/Flexion

0–120–130 degrees.

Ankle/Foot Dorsiflexion

0–20 degrees.

Ankle/Foot Plantarflexion

0–45 degrees.

Ankle/Foot Inversion

0–35 degrees.

Ankle/Foot Eversion

0–25 degrees.