Themes & Methods in Developmental Psychology

Vocabulary flashcards to help review key concepts in developmental psychology.

Developmental Psychology

The scientific study of how and why people change over the course of their life across cognitive, emotional, social, and physical domains.

Nature vs. Nurture

The interaction between genetic inheritance (nature) and life experiences (nurture) that shapes human development.

Continuity

Developmental changes that are slow and steady, where each step builds directly on the previous one.

Stages

Theories proposing that development occurs in specific, sudden shifts that differentiate one phase of growth from another.

Stability & Change

Study of how individuals remain the same in some ways and evolve in others throughout different life stages.

Longitudinal Research

A study method involving the observation of the same individuals over time to track changes in traits and behaviors.

Cross-Sectional Research

A research method that studies different age groups at the same point in time to infer developmental changes.

Psychosocial Development

A theory outlining that individuals progress through stages characterized by specific conflicts that shape personality.

Trust vs. Mistrust

The first stage of psychosocial development focusing on whether infants learn to trust the world based on caregiver response.

Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

The second stage of psychosocial development where toddlers explore independence and personal control.

Initiative vs. Guilt

The third stage of psychosocial development emphasizing children's initiative in actions and decision-making.

Industry vs. Inferiority

The fourth stage focusing on children's efforts to demonstrate skills and abilities in school and play.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

The stage where adolescents explore and solidify their sense of self through experimentation with roles.

Intimacy vs. Isolation

The stage of young adulthood where individuals seek to establish close, committed relationships.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

The stage for middle-aged adults focusing on nurturing the next generation through mentoring and productivity.

Integrity vs. Despair

The final stage of development in which older adults reflect on their lives, achievements, and regrets.