foundations of psychology

Evidence from what development can help inform our understanding of how human cognitive abilities developed

The development of technology

Which hominid species know as “handy man” is associated with primitive stone tools and lived approx 2.4 million years ago

Homo habilis

The use of specially selected stone from a distance to make a particular tool suggests what cognitive ability

Planning and foresight

What type of communication is likely involved in the cultural transmission of tool use among chimpanzees such as nut cracking

Imitation and observation

The selective pressure for intellect in hominids is linked to adapting to more seasonal environments in the ……….

Savannah

What key locomotor adaption appeared around 6 million years ago in hominis like Orrorin Tugenensis

Bipedalism

The brain of Australopithecus afarensis (Lucy) was approximately what percentage of the size of a modern human brain

35%

Which hominin species was the first to control fire and use base camps living from about 1.89 million to 110,000 years ago

Homo erectus

What distinguishes the rapid development of skills in recent history such as the industrial revolution from earlier evolution

Cultural evolution rather than genetic evolution

According to Darwin, man has an instinctive tendency to ……….. which differs from ordinary learned arts such as baking

Speak

Chomsky proposed that humans have innate mechanisms for language which he called ………

Universal grammar

The development of more complex abilities like finely made composite tools and cave art around 40-35,000 years ago is used to argue the development of what

Modern language

The earliest stone chopping tools in the archaeological record date back to approximately how many million years ago

2.5 million years ago

What is the term for the tendency to place ourselves at the centre of evolution

Anthropocentrism

The tribe Hominini which includes Australopithecus and the genus Homo is primarily defined by the presence of features indicating what

Bipedalism

In bipedal humans the foramen magnum is located at the base of the skull whereas in quadrupedal primates it is located where

At the back of the skull

The hypothesis that climate change favouring the grasslands selected for bipedalism is known as the ……….. hypothesis

Savanna

Oldowan tools

Associated with homo habilis (2.5 million) these are characterised by chipping stones to create a simple cutting edge

Acheulean tools

Associated with homo erectus (1.5 million) these are characterised by two sided hand axes made with multiple strikes

Mousterian tools

Associated with Homo nethanderthalensis (200,00 years) these include spear points and scrapers made with advanced manufacturing phases

What is the term for the capacity to represent objects, people or concepts by arbitrary but meaningful symbols

Symbolism

The concept that modern human behaviour emerged abruptly between 60,000 and 40,000 years ago is known as the ……….

Human revolution

According to M